Heritage and Catastrophe: Prevention, Emergency, Restoration and Transformation in 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake This page intentionally left blank Editors Renato D’Alençon Castrillón, TU Berlin Federico Rota, Reclaiming Heritage e.V. Authors Proofreading Panagiotis Achamnos Mary Stewart Ana Laura Alcántara Castillo Riza Avriansyah Kori Layout Aydeen Azarnezhad Carsten Dittus Pedro Becerra Rodríguez Florencia Carvajal S. Print Rohit Chandragiri ZeitDruck GmbH, Berlin Maged Elgendy Uli Fadilah Siregar Edition Gissu Firoozmand Berlin, February 2015 Pratiksha Gogoi Felipe González González Arief Gunawan Lukas Terrence Hoye Muntari Illyasu Carolina Lunetta Shaimaa Mobasher Marina Moscoso Teixeira Mendonça Adrianto Oktavianus Aditi Poudel Dhakal Daniela Roque Montes Jesús Salcedo Villanueva Aline Simões Ollertz Silva Yi-ting Tsai Siqi Wang ISBN 978-3-98127-695-4 Heritage and Catastrophe: Prevention, Emergency, Restoration and Transformation in 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake Report on the results of a case study research project, 2014 Technische Universität Berlin Urban Management Program Cover View of the Reconstruction in L’Aquila Photo: Riza Avriansyah Kori (Background picture and details) Preface Preface At 3:32 on April 6th, 2009, after a four-month swarm, suburbs and we have started the restoration of the a massive earthquake struck a part of Abruzzo great historical and architectural heritage of historic and the entire city of L’Aquila. A city of over 72,000 centers. inhabitants, the fourth university city of Italy and the second city of Italy for the number of historic The new town of L’Aquila was, however, thought buildings. The earthquake, considering the people of as an important “smart” dimension that will around the basin and students from other cities, have a key role in the national scene. The “smart” led to more than 140,000 displaced. The emergency approach to reconstruction has given permission to was dramatic. For the first time the epicenter was launching a prolific path for the creation of a vision destroying a region capital, the heart of political and of an avant-garde city, sustainable and projected on administrative life. future societal challenges. The City of L’Aquila, has also set the reconstruction of underground- services On April 7, 2009, by order of the Mayor, all of the with choices that use the latest technology in the built heritage of the city was declared unfit for use, industry. In a few years, the City will be totally wired which means that all the inhabitants were consid- by optical fiber and every home in the historic center ered homeless. The setting up of the tent cities was will be connected Wi-Fi. immediate. By a subsequent order, on April 9th, 2009, the Mayor imposed a ban on access to the historic With the certainty of funding from the government, center of the city and to 49 historic centers of the according to the time schedule of the reconstruc- villages struck by the earthquake. Immediate was tion, we can say today that in 2019 the City will be also the shoring, to secure the building and the finally rebuilt. Therefore, I invite you to visit again localization of emergency construction projects L’Aquila city and tell the world of a small Italian that have resulted in 19 new urban centers, with community, torn apart by an earthquake that was 185 buildings, 1176 temporary housing units and 33 able to take back their city and their lives. school buildings for temporary use. Of this I am proud. After the management commissioner of the recon- struction, the City of L’Aquila adopted a “Timetable” for the reconstruction, which laid down the dates of the rebirth of L’Aquila and the surrounding area. We rolled up our sleeves, and after the initial diffi- culties we immediately started repairing thousands of houses that had been partially damaged, quickly allowing the return home to about 45,000 people. We have almost finished the reconstruction of Dott. Massimo Cialente collapsed or irremediably damaged houses in the Mayor of L’Aquila 5 Heritage and Catastrophe Acknowledgements Many people have supported the work of case study Ufficio Servizio Sismico) in Rome, who talked to us research and field trip in many ways. We are grateful about the work of the DCP and shared his long expe- to all of them for their help and availability. Especial rience in seismic events. thanks are due to our many sources and supporters in the area of L’Aquila, who were most open and sympa- EVA Eco-Village Pescomaggiore. Arch. Claudia thetic with this group of diverse backgrounds bundled Comencini, founding member and Dario under the umbrella of TU Berlin. They always made us D’Alessandro, President of the Committee for the feel the work of studying the reconstruction process of renaissance of Pescomaggiore (“Comitato per la L’Aquila with an outsider eye was important for them. rinascita di Pescomaggiore”), who responded our We feel particularly indebted to the people working in questions regarding participation processes, building the following organizations and public services: regulations and procedures, citizens’ involvement and organizations and guided us in the visit to City of L’Aquila. Dott. Massimo Cialente, Mayor, who Pescomaggiore old village and to EVA eco-village. kindly took the time to respond our questions about the emergency and the aftermath of the Earthquake Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI). Dott. Francesco in the city; and Dott.ssa Michela Santoro, spokes- Chiodelli, who explained the current situation person of the Mayor, who made it possible for us to of L’Aquila and gave a general view on the post- meet the Mayor and kindly translated and explained earthquake management scenario. He also briefly our questions. narrated how different elements of urban develop- ment (Transport, Housing, etc.) were affected during Comitato 3e32. Mr. Fabio Carosone, political activist the earthquake; and PhD student Chiara Vitrano, and member of the core group of Comitato 3e32, who helped us with the interviews and also accom- who explained us the role of the association in the panied us on a tour through the inner city. process of political and social awareness trough the struggles for an inclusive and transparent recon- Hotel Nido dell’Aquila. Mr. Fabrizio Bellassai, Hotel struction; and Arch. PHD Laura Vivola, researcher on Administrator and his team, who made us feel at infrastructures for citizens´ participation in conexts home in the beautiful facilities of the Hotel at the foot of historical heritage; currently working as techni- of the Gran Sasso for the week that we lived there. cian for the office for the reconstruction of L`Aquila. National Firemen Corps. Ing. Gabriele Miconi, Debris Removal and Management Service ASM L’Aquila Province Command of the National Firemen (Aquilana Società Multiservizi). Mr. Fabio Ianni, in Corps (Corpo Nazionale dei Vigili del Fuoco, charge of the management of the debris removal Comando Provinciale L’Aquila), who guided us in a and management service, who received us at ASM; very interesting visit to the L’Aquila Red Zone, and and Rinaldo Tordera, Administrator, who took us in explained to us their work during the emergency a most interesting guided visit to the main debris and the reconstruction phases. deposit and management facility Cava ex-Teges. Plan of reconstruction Villa Sant’Angelo. Arch. Department of Civil Protection. Ing. Agostino Luciano Scuderi, University of Catania, one of the Goretti, Seismic Risk Office at the Department of professionals in charge of the approved plans of Civil Protection (Dipartimento di Protezione Civile – reconstruction of the villages of Fossa and Villa 6 Acknowledgements Sant’Angelo, who showed us the work done by the Town of Fossa. Mr. Antonio Gentile, Mayor, who team of Catania, led by Prof.ssa Caterina Carocci. showed us the old village and shared with us his plans for the reconstruction both material and Special Office for the Reconstruction of L’Aquila. economic. Ing. Vittorio Fabrizi, officer in charge of the Special Office for the Reconstruction of L’Aquila (Ufficio Village of Villa Sant’Angelo. Mr. Pierluigi Biondi, Speciale per la Ricostruzione dell’Aquila, USRA), Mayor, who shared with us his experience in Villa who presented in extensive detail the work done by Sant’Angelo during the emergency phase, debris USRA and responded our many questions. removal, reconstruction, public and political policies, land tenure and information procedures, hosting us Territorial Office of Homogeneous Area of in the new Municipality Center. Barisciano. Arch. Anna Scudero, architect in charge for the adoption of the reconstruction plan of Fossa, Viviamo L’Aquila Association (viviamolaq. who presented the technical side of the reconstruc- blogspot.it). Arch. Alba Fagnani, Fabio Troiani, Tullio tion work done at Fossa and in other villages in the Perinetti, Andrea Ciammetti and Federico Massidda, Homogeneous Area. who led us through a site visit to the Parcobaleno project, to L’Aquila city center and presented the The People of L’Aquila. Who not only patiently interesting work that the Association is carrying on, responded our interviews, polls, questions, etc., but answering to a significant set of questions about Urban Management Students were always happy to see our interest and encour- reconstruction, building procedures, communities and Advisers on the Study Trip aged us in our work. involvement and psychology of disasters. Photo: Florencia Carvajal S. 7 Heritage and Catastrophe Table of Contents Preface 5 Acknowledgements 6 List of Abbreviations