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Social Changes in Krakow’s Kazimierz and the Ticinese District in Milan Marta Smagacz Smagacz, Marta The Revitalization of Urban Space: Social Changes in Krakow’s Kazimierz and the Ticinese District in Milan / Marta Smagacz. - Pisa : Plus-Pisa University Press, 2008 (Doctoral dissertations ; 2) 301.36 (21.) 1. Milano – Urbanistica 2. Cracovia - Urbanistica CIP a cura del Sistema bibliotecario dell’Università di Pisa This volume is published thanks to the support of the Directorate General for Research of the European Com- mission, by the Sixth Framework Network of Excellence CLIOHRES.net under the contract CIT3-CT-2005- 006164. The volume is solely the responsibility of the Network and the authors; the European Community cannot be held responsible for its contents or for any use which may be made of it. Cover: Giovanni Migliara (1785-1837), The Colonne di San Lorenzo in Milan, painting (detail), Galleria Sabauda, Turin. ©Photo Scala, Florence, courtesy of the Ministero Beni e Attività Culturali. © 2008 by CLIOHRES.net The materials published as part of the CLIOHRES Project are the property of the CLIOHRES.net Consortium. They are available for study and use, provided that the source is clearly acknowledged. [email protected] - www.cliohres.net Published by Edizioni Plus – Pisa University Press Lungarno Pacinotti, 43 56126 Pisa Tel. 050 2212056 – Fax 050 2212945 [email protected] www.edizioniplus.it - Section “Biblioteca” Member of ISBN: 978-88-8492-525-1 Informatic Editing Răzvan Adrian Marinescu CONTENTS Preface pag. VII Ann Katherine Isaacs, Guðmundur Hálfdanarson ............................................................ » XI Introduction ................................................................................................................ I. Late modern social life: the district as a laboratory ............................... » 1 1. Society as the object of change ............................................................................................... » 3 » 5 2. Between locality and globality: “local society”? ........................................................... » 7 3. The city as a social space................................................................................................. » 8 4. Social space as a natural and cultural area ..................................................................... » 11 5. The district as a laboratory............................................................................................. II. The revitalization of urban space as a process of social change ...... » 19 » 19 1. Revitalization: meanings, contexts, uses ....................................................................... » 21 2. The model of revitalization of urban space................................................................... » 27 3. Characteristics of research on the revitalization of urban space .................................. » 31 III. Kazimierz and the Ticinese: enclaves in metropolises .......................... » 31 1. The metropolitan contexts of Kazimierz and the Ticinese district of Milan.............. » 33 2. Physical characteristics of urban space .......................................................................... » 38 3. Kazimierz and Ticinese in the city administrative structures ...................................... IV. The historical context and the (self) development of identity ..... » 47 » 47 1. Kazimierz ........................................................................................................................ » 53 2. Ticinese ........................................................................................................................... » 65 V. The temporal and spatial framework ............................................................ » 65 1. Kazimierz and the Ticinese as natural and cultural areas ............................................ » 70 2. From crisis to new vitality .............................................................................................. VI. Changes in physical space .................................................................................. » 75 1. Kazimierz ................................................................................................................................... » 75 2. Ticinese ....................................................................................................................................... » 83 2. Summary ...................................................................................................................................... » 88 VII. Social changes: “rewriting history” .......................................................... » 91 1. The transformation of district resident and user profiles............................................. » 92 2. Different and changeable activity patterns................................................................... » 105 3. Social relations: dialectics of perspectives and definition of situation........................ » 124 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... » 167 Notes ................................................................................................................................ » 175 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. » 189 Riassunto (Italian Summary) .................................................................................. » 195 Streszczenie (Polish Summary) .............................................................................. » 203 Illustrations Maps Milano and Ticinese .......................................................................................................... » XVIII Krakow and Kazimierz ...................................................................................................... » XIX Kazimierz ............................................................................................................................ » XX Figures 1 - 14 ................................................................................................................................... » 12-18 15 - 26 ................................................................................................................................. » 41-46 27 - 34 ................................................................................................................................. » 59-63 The photographs reproduced in Figures 9-12, 16-18 and 25 are by Pawel Hess; the others are by Marta Smagacz PREFACE We are very happy to present Marta Smagacz’s Revitalisation of Urban Space. Social Changes in Krakow’s Kazimierz and the Ticinese District in Milan. It is the second in what we hope will become a long, varied and significant series of volumes based on the research carried out by the doctoral candidates belonging to the CLIOHRES Network of Excellence. Smagacz uses a comparative approach to look at two very different but related proc- esses: what she calls the “revitalization” of two formerly peripheral and now prosper- ous, innovative and trendy urban districts: the first a part of the historical Polish capital, Krakow, and the second of the dynamic Northern Italian city of Milan. The cities’ histories are not identical: Milan was a Celtic centre some centuries before Ro- man conquest; Krakow too had long been inhabited and became the seat of Polish monarchs during the Middle Ages. And the two districts had