RESEARCH AND SCIENCE TODAY ~ Revistă științifică studențească ~ Numărul 1 Septembrie 2011 Târgu Jiu 2011 RESEARCH AND SCIENCE TODAY Copertă: Batcu Alexandru Tehnoredactare: Mărcău Flavius-Cristian Ciorei Mihaela Andreea Director: Mărcău Flavius-Cristian Comitetul științific: Prof. univ. dr. Adrian Gorun Prof. univ. dr. Niculescu George Prof. univ. dr. Moise Bojincă Prof. univ. dr. Popescu Luminița Prof. univ. dr. Cruceru MIhai Prof. univ. dr. Gămăneci Gheorghe Prof. univ. dr. Ghimiși Ștefan Sorinel Prof. univ. dr. Bîcă Monica Delia Prof. univ. dr. Babucea Ana Gabriela Conf. univ. dr. Neamțu Liviu Conf. univ. dr. Tomescu-Dumitrescu Cornelia Lect. univ. dr. Rujan Cristinel Lect. univ. dr. Trocan Laura Magdalena Lect. univ. dr. Gavrilescu Alin Lect. univ. dr. Gherghe Roxana Lect. univ. dr. Plăstoi Camelia Lect. univ. dr. Badea Miss Georgian Lect. univ. dr. Diaconu Ana Maria Lect. univ. dr. Dănăcică Daniela Emanuela Ș.l. dr. Ciofu Cristian Florin Asist. univ. Zamfir Bogdan Prep. univ. Holt Alina Georgiana 2 SEPTEMBRIE 2011 EDITURA ACADEMICA BRÂNCUȘI ADRESA: Bd-ul Republicii, nr. 1 Târgu Jiu, Gorj Tel: 0253/218222 COPYRIGHT: Sunt autorizate orice reproduceri fără perceperea taxelor aferente cu condiţia precizării sursei. Responsabilitatea asupra conţinutului lucrării revine în totalitate autorilor. ISSN: 2247 – 4455 ISSN-L: 2247 – 4455 3 RESEARCH AND SCIENCE TODAY CUPRINS CHINA- FUTURE SUPERPOWER OR NUMBER 2 IN THE WORLD? .................... 5 Alex andra DRĂGHICI COMPARATIVE VALUE ADDED TAX BETWEEN ITALY-UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE AND ROMANIA .................................................... 13 Irina DAMIAN THE BLACK SEA SYNERGY INITIATIVE – A DEVELOPING BACKGROUND FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION .............................................................................. 23 Andreea Maria DAN THE CONCEPT OF INNOCENCE IN HENRY JAMES’S THE WINGS OF THE DOVE ................................................................................................................................. 33 Diana-Gabriela POPA CAPITAL MARKET AND THE CRIME ..................................................................... 40 Elena Mihaela EZARU DISIDENŢA ÎN REGIMUL COMUNIST ÎN ROMÂNIA. STUDIU DE CAZ - DOINA CORNEA ............................................................................................................. 46 Ana Maria Roxana PAICĂ THE CLUB OF ROME’S CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATION – STATE INTERDEPENDENCE ON WORLD SCALE .............................................................. 59 Adriana Rodica MUREȘAN UNIUNEA SOVIETICA SI PROPAGANDA IN CONTEXTUL RAZBOIULUI RECE ................................................................................................................................. 69 Raluca LUȚAI DIPLOMAŢIA PUBLICĂ- INSTRUMENT POLITIC PENTRU SUA CA SMART POWER -ANALIZĂ CAUZALĂ- ................................................................................... 79 Ileana Daniela ȘERBAN RĂZBOIUL RECE: VECTORII .................................................................................... 91 Mihaela Andreea CIOREI și Flavius-Cristian MĂRCĂU 4 SEPTEMBRIE 2011 Social Science CHINA- FUTURE SUPERPOWER OR NUMBER 2 IN THE WORLD? Alexandra DRAGHICI * Many analysts see in China an emerging superpower which could replace the United States as the preponderant power of the world in the next 20 years. These predictions on the future geopolitical order are supported by major international organiations such as the World Bank. However, even reports that consider a continuous ascent of China note that this depends on the evolution of many factors that can not be foreseen and which can adversely affect the growth of the Asian country. China is the first country in the world history where growth has managed to be maintained a very long time, almost 30 years. Many analysts of the Chinese phenomenon consider that China's impressive development will follow the usual course of economic development by falling into recession. In current global conditions this crisis would affect the Chinese economy for many years in a row, predicting a similar crisis to that of Japan in the 90s, but which would also strongly affect the rest of national economies due to the intense trade existing between them and China. The analyst Jinghao Zhou believes that in order to maintain internal and external equilibrium, China should pursue three lines of gradual reform, which have as goal the democratization of China: promoting media freedom, improve citizen participation and promote free accession to religion1, which are not currently given much importance by the Beijing government. Thus, the future of China is marked by numerous obstacles that can cause, in the most optimistic scenario, a slowdown in the development of the state. A possible classification of these obstacles could be: Internal obstacles: economic, social and political; International obstacles: economic and technological, socio-political. * Graduate of Economic Studies Academy Bucharest, International Business and Economics, 2011 promotion. 1 Jinghao Zhou, China‟ s peaceful rise in a global context (Maryland: Lexington Books Press, 2010), 3. 5 RESEARCH AND SCIENCE TODAY Internal Obstacles These barriers are caused by internal policies adopted by the Chinese government and the nation‟s response to them. The degree of danger determined by these obstacles can be very large, the recent riots and revolutions from the Northern Africa and from Asia stand as evidence. This danger is no stranger to Beijing. It fears the possible protests among the Chinese population: the so-called "Jasmine Revolution", that could be catastrophic for the Communist Party. Possible causes of these protests may be numerous but specialists give more importance to the following: Economic Causes Business analysts consider that maintaining the explosive growth of Chinese economy can not be achieved and that the usual economic cycle will follow its course: growth will be followed by recession. Also, despite the world's dependence on economic exchanges with China, it is in turn limited by its‟ need for energy and raw materials. This, in conjunction with regional disparities creates the framework for a major internal crisis. Also, "in China, a slower development involves substantial social and political problems."2 In economic terms, economists point to the Chinese banking system, as opaque as many other sector of the economy in China, but whose imbalance is much more dangerous. This is because of the way in which were granted loans, both internally, where the loans reached an average value /capita of $ 1,500 while the nominal income /capita is of $ 4,000, and internationally where because of the economic crisis, China has become a major creditor even to the U.S. The factor which created this situation is the Chinese government's approach to periods of economic downturn. Unlike capitalist states, where banks reduce interest rates to initially increase consumption and investment and try to keep inflation under control as they reduce interest rates, banks in China do not use interest rate as a control instrument. During periods of economic instability, the Chinese government stimulates lending, and as they trigger inflationary effect, they adjust the maximum rates that may be granted as loans.3 2 George Friedman, The next 100 years. A forecast for the 21 century ( Bucharest: Litera Press, 2009), 83. 3 Davis Case, “The Decoder: Is China headed for financial meltdown?”, GlobalPost, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/china/110108/global-economy-china-economy-loans (Accessed January 15, 2011). 6 SEPTEMBRIE 2011 Also, many market analysts expect a housing crisis caused by the large number of investments in such projects without a corresponding demand. This lead to "ghost towns", cities which remained uninhabited especially because of high prices demanded by constructors for rental or for selling. Social Causes Revolutions in the Arab world have shown the extent and effects they can have on states where popular discontent occurs. It's hard to say whether Chinese people can sustain a protest for a long period of time or whatever a large number of them want this. What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989 proved that isolated movements in an authoritarian state run are doomed to failure simply because the army and the police are subordinate primarily to the state and to the leading party and then to the security of people. One of the effects of explosive growth is the increasing regional disparities and income differences between social classes. The Eastern regions are richer and more developed than the western ones, urban areas are richer than rural areas and the north of China is more developed than the south, with annual per capita income of $ 7,000 compared to $ 3004 . These facts can generate sufficient discontent to trigger a revolution. Anyway, for now, Chinese civilians don‟t expect the West to equalize the East as richness merely because it has never been so. Another factor that could fuel discontent with the Chinese people is the bad situation in which the Chinese social services are. Many citizens do not have access to medical assistance, education services, labor security or pension system, and this is not good for the internal stability of the state. Also, many families can not afford to buy a home because of high prices for apartments. However, according to the Chinese Premier, Wen Jiabao, due to the stimulus package that included, in addition to economic incentives, social stimulus in order to develop social programs,