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HRG. 106±147 DEPARTMENTS OF COMMERCE, JUSTICE, AND STATE, THE JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGEN- CIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 HEARINGS BEFORE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON H.R. 2670/S. 1217 AN ACT MAKING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENTS OF COM- MERCE, JUSTICE, AND STATE, THE JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGEN- CIES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 2000, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Department of Commerce Nondepartmental witnesses Department of Justice Securities and Exchange Federal Communications Commission Commission Small Business Administration Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 54±206 cc WASHINGTON : 1999 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402 ISBN 0±16±059465±0 COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS TED STEVENS, Alaska, Chairman THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont SLADE GORTON, Washington FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky TOM HARKIN, Iowa CONRAD BURNS, Montana BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama HARRY REID, Nevada JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire HERB KOHL, Wisconsin ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah PATTY MURRAY, Washington BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota LARRY CRAIG, Idaho DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JON KYL, Arizona STEVEN J. CORTESE, Staff Director LISA SUTHERLAND, Deputy Staff Director JAMES H. ENGLISH, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, JUSTICE, AND STATE, THE JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire, Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia (ex officio) Professional Staff JIM MORHARD KEVIN LINSKEY PADDY LINK DANA QUAM CLAYTON HEIL ERIC HARNISCHFEGER (Detailee) LILA HELMS (Minority) EMELIE EAST (Minority) TIM HARDING (Detailee) (II) CONTENTS TUESDAY, MARCH 9, 1999 Page Department of Justice: Office of the Attorney General ........................................ 1 THURSDAY, MARCH 11, 1999 Department of Commerce: Secretary of Commerce .............................................. 131 TUESDAY, MARCH 16, 1999 Department of Justice: Immigration and Naturalization Service ....................... 169 FRIDAY, MARCH 19, 1999 Department of Commerce: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion ........................................................................................................................ 227 MONDAY, MARCH 22, 1999 Small Business Administration .............................................................................. 245 WEDNESDAY, MARCH 24, 1999 Department of Justice: Drug Enforcement Administration .................................................................. 261 Federal Bureau of Investigation ...................................................................... 261 THURSDAY, MARCH 25, 1999 Securities and Exchange Commission ................................................................... 313 Federal Communications Commission ................................................................... 325 Nondepartmental witnesses: Department of Commerce ................................................................................ 367 Immigration and Naturalization Service ................................................ 384 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ............................... 389 Department of Justice ...................................................................................... 409 Department of State ......................................................................................... 420 The judiciary ..................................................................................................... 431 Related agencies: Department of Transportation: Maritime Administration ..................... 458 North-South Center ................................................................................... 459 Small Business Administration ................................................................ 462 Securities and Exchange Commission ..................................................... 464 (III) DEPARTMENTS OF COMMERCE, JUSTICE, AND STATE, THE JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 TUESDAY, MARCH 9, 1999 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, Washington, DC. The subcommittee met at 10 a.m., in room SD±192, Dirksen Sen- ate Office Building, Hon. Judd Gregg (chairman) presiding. Present: Senators Gregg, Stevens, Domenici, Hutchison, Camp- bell, Hollings, Inouye, Lautenberg, and Leahy. Also present: Senator Dorgan. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL STATEMENT OF HON. JANET RENO, ATTORNEY GENERAL OPENING REMARKS Senator GREGG. We will get started. I understand Senator Hol- lings is on the telephone but will be here in a few minutes. Rather than having opening statements take up a lot of the At- torney General's time, I would hope that members could submit those for the record. We will turn directly to the Attorney General and let her make her points, and then we can ask her some ques- tions. ATTORNEY GENERAL RENO OPENING REMARKS Ms. RENO. Thank you very much, Senator. I appreciate the op- portunity to be before you today, and I appreciate the thoughtful- ness with which you, Senator Hollings, and the entire committee have approached the issues that are of such mutual concern. In 1994, this administration, with the full support of this sub- committee, attacked the crime problem by forming a partnership with State and local law enforcement and by making significant new resources available for State and local law enforcement assist- ance. From new police officers to prison construction, we have pro- vided the resources, and I think we have seen an impact. The Na- tion's violent crime rate has dropped more than 20 percent over the last 6 years, and the murder rate has fallen to its lowest level in three decades. (1) 2 We have a choice now, Mr. Chairman, and I think I do not have any doubts as to the direction in which you want us to go. We can become complacent, as we have when crime has gone down in the past, and sit back and let it go back up again, or we can continue to do our job in Federal law enforcement, meet the new challenges that we face, focus strategically on crime, and help communities build strong, self-sufficient communities that have a lasting capa- bility to effectively deal with the problem of crime. I think we can go a long way toward ending the culture of violence in this country. At the same time, I prize our federalist system of government, and as a former State prosecutor, I also respect the independence of State and local law enforcement. We must maintain the balance, and this budget does that by focusing support on community-build- ing and inherently Federal responsibilities. Specifically, the budget seeks nearly $1.2 billion for a 21st Cen- tury Policing Initiative to help communities build on their efforts under the successful COPS program. Six hundred million dollars of this request will allow the continued hiring of new officers, particu- larly in high crime areas. It will address retention of officers in the neediest communities, and the redeployment of those who are al- ready hired. Another $350 million will establish a Crime Fighting Technology Grant Program to address the wide array of telecommunications and forensic science needs of State and local law enforcement. The initiative also provides $200 million for a Community Prosecution Grant Program to help communities hire, redeploy, and train badly needed prosecutors who are stationed in and work within the neighborhoods they serve. Time and again, I am told by line officers throughout this coun- try that effective law enforcement relies heavily on community in- volvement with strong prevention at its core. To assist neighbor- hoods and communities in their efforts to develop and implement comprehensive crime prevention and reduction strategies, another $125 million is included for a Community Crime Prevention Pro- gram. Building on existing programs, such as Weed and Seed and school-based problem-solving partnerships with law enforcement, this new initiative will fill critical gaps in support for local public safety efforts. As I told the subcommittee during my testimony last month, our growing dependence on cyber networks makes us vulnerable to the destruction or intrusion of those networks. Last year, through your leadership, we were able to establish the National Infrastructure Protection Center to deter, detect, analyze, investigate, and provide warnings of cyber threats and attacks on critical infrastructure. Since computers are essential in our day-to-day lives, they play a larger role in the crime that is perpetrated, not only cyber ter- rorism, but other sorts of illegal intrusions, including fraud schemes and the dissemination of child pornography. In order to improve