South-West Afnca, Sudan Rail traffic See South Africa South-West Africa Budget (1975/16; year ending March 31st) Suid\\es-Afnka Balanced at R 104 mn = $ 120 mn = £56 mn :-Jamibia Externaltrade (1976) Imports: R 500** mn = $ 570** mn = £ 300** mo Exports: R 700** mn = $ 800** mn = £ 450** mn Location South-west Africa Included in South Africa Customs Union With a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean, Main exports %of total Angola is to the north, Botswana to the east Diamonds 45** and South Africa to the south; the Capri vi Minerals (excluding diamonds) 20** Strip, at the north east corner, runs east Fish and products 7** between Botswana ami Angola and forms a Livestock 7** small border with Zambia. Walvis Bay, part Karakul 7** of South Africa, forms an enclave about Main destination Most trade is with South Africa 650 km (400 mi) north of Cape Province Land Area 823 168 km' = 317 827 mi' (excludes I 124 km' for Walvis Bay) Climate Temperate and sub-tropical Weather at Windhoek, I 728 m altitude Sudan Temperature: hottest month January 17-29 oc, coldest July 6-20°C Democrauc Rcpubh..: of the Sudan Rainfall (av monthly): driest month August I mm, wettest March 79 mm Jamhuri~at cs Sudan cl Dimukmtl),\ Time 2 hours ahead of GMT Measures Metric system Location North-east Africa Monetary unit South African rand (R) = 100 cents With a coastline on the Red Sea, Egypt Rateofexchange(l976av): par $ 1.15 = R 1, freeR 1.571 = £I is to the north, Libya, Chad and Central African Empire to the west, Zaire, Uganda and Kenya to the south and umm:1ry Ethiopia to the east. The north, except for the Political Territory under the administration of South Africa which was Nile valley, is part of the Sahara desert fir st given a mandate in 1920; the UN voted to end that mandate in Land Area 2 505 800 km ' = 967 500 mi' October 1966. The UN changed the name of the territory to Namibia in Usage (1975): agricultural315 000* km• June 1968 , and there are proposals for Namibia to become independent. (13* %); forests 915 000 km• (37 %) Member of ILO Climate Tropical, dry in the north Economic Mining (mainly diamonds), fishing and livestock are the Weather at Khartoum, 390m altitude main industries; a wide range of minerals are available and being Temperature: hottest month June 26-41 oc, coldest Jan 15-32°C developed, including uranium, vanadium and tin. Manufacturing Rainfall (av monthly): driest months Jan, Feb 0 mm, wettest Aug 71 mm industry is small Time 2 hours ahead of GMT Measures Metric system; also: length I diraa = 58 centimetres = 22.8 inches People, rc~ourcc~ and equipment area I feddan = 0.42 hectare = 1.04 acres Population• 1960 510 000**, 1970 750 000**, 1976 880 000** capacity 12 keilas = 1 ardeb = 1.98 hectolitres = 5.444 UK bushels •Excludes the population of Walvis Bay, pa rt of South Africa weight (mass) Growth : 1960- 703.9** %pa, 1970- 762.7** %pa 100 rot! = I kantar (small) = 44.93 kilograms = 99.05 pounds Density (1976) : 1** person per km ' 315 rot! = I kantar(large) = 141.5 kilograms = 312 pounds Vital statistics (rate per 1 000 people, 1970-75): births 45 .5*, deaths 23.2* Monetary unit Sudanese pound (S £) = I 00 piastres = I 000 milliemes Cities (population in 000, 1974) Rate of exchange (1976 av): par$ 2.8716 = S £ I (S £0.348 242 = $ 1), Windhoek (capital) 76, Swakopmund (summer capital) 10** free£ 1.590 = S £ 1 Race (1974) African 84 %. European 12 %. Coloured 4 % Main African tribes: Ovambo 46 %. Damara 9 %. Kavango 7 %. Summary Herero 7 %. Nama 4 %. East Caprivians 3 %. Bushmen 3 %. Rehobothers 2 % Political One-party republic, which became independent Language (1974) Afrikaans (67** %), German (23** %) and English January 1, 1956; formerly a condominium of the United Kingdom (10** %) ; African languages are also in use and Egypt. There is a separate regional constitution for the Religion ( 1974) Christian 50 .. % (Lutheran 40** /,;) So uthern Sudan. Member of UN, OAU, Arab League and an EEC Education (1975) Pupils 181 616, teachers 5 457 ACPstate Labour force (1976) 299 000* ; in agriculture 153 000* (51* %) Economic Agricultural economy, with a wide spread of products and Standard of living main exports of cotton, ground nuts and sesameseed. There is some National income per person (1976): R 950*** = $ I 100*** = £ 600*** co-operation with Egypt concerning especially irrigation schemes; Telephones (Dec 1975): 46 000, 53 per 1 000 people new dams are being constructed. Industry includes processing of Livestock (000, 1976) Cattle 2 850*, sheep 5 000*, goats 2 000* agricultural produce and refining of crude oil. The 1977/78 - 1982/83 Hospital beds (1973) 6 905, I per 120 people plan envisages continued strong expansion of the agricultural sector, Roads (1975) 54 000* km = 34 000* mi, density 0.07 km per km • which will absorb 27 % of the plan's total ofS £2 670 mn, and some Railways (1975) 2 340 km = 1 454 mi, density 0.003 km per km ' expansion for industry, mining and tourism, which will absorb 20 % Ports Luderitz; Walvis Bay is the main port used Airports Windhoek, Luderitz, Keetmanshoop. Walvis Bay and People, resources and equipment Alexander Bay airports (South Africa) are also used Population 1960 11.85*mn, 1970 15.70* mn, 1976 18.85** mn• •There is an alternate UN estimate of 16.13* mn; includes 250 000** Production, llnancc and trade refugees from Eritrea (Ethiopia) Gross domestic product Growth: 1960- 702.9* %pa, 1970-763.1** %pa 1976 est: R 1 ooo••• mn = $ 1 200*** mn = £ 700*** mn Density (1976): 8** people per km' Agricultural production index (1970 = 100) 1976 132; Vital statistics (rate per I 000 people, 1970- 75) : births 47 .8*, deaths 17.5* growth 1970- 76 4.7 % pa Regions (provinces, population in 000, 1973; total of 16.90 mn) Main products (000 t) Agriculture (1976) Maize 15*, millet 20*, Northern 12473 Southern 4428 sorghum 3*, other cereals 90* , beef and veal 142*, sheep and Blue Nile 3 483 Khartoum 968 Bahr el Ghazal 1 575 goat meat 24*, milk 65*, wool2.8*, hides and skins 7 .5*, fish catch Darfur 1 869 Kordofan 3 103 Equatoria I 438 (excludes fish landed at Walvis Bay, 1975) 87 Kassala 1 798 Northern I 252 Upper Nile 1 415 Mining (1975) Copper ore (Cu content) 25,1ead ore (Pb content) 48, Cities (population in 000, 1973) tin concentrates (Sb content) 0.7, zinc ore (Zn content) 46, Khartoum (capital) 322 Khartoum North 161 Wad Medani 82 diamonds (000 CM) 1 740, silver0.05*, salt 210* Omdurman 305 Port Sudan 123 El Obeid 74 Manufacturing ( 1975) Canned fish 143; fish meal 147 Race (1970) Arab 50** %, Dink a II** %, Nubian 8** %, Beja 6** % Language Arabic; local languages, especially Nubian, are also used Religion (1976) Moslem 70** %, Animist 28** %, Christian 2** % Q7 The Economist, The World in Figures © The Economist Newspaper Limited, England 1978.