A SELECTED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ON LANDSLIDES IN INDIA Compiled by Surya Parkash and Anil Kathait NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India 5-B, I.P. Estate, M.G. Road New Delhi – 110 002 Table of Contents S. No. Content Page No. Foreword ii Preface iii Acknowledgement iv 1. Background 1 2. About Landslides 2 3. Overview of Landslides in India 5 4. Annotated Bibliography 9 5. Bibliography 87 6. List of Publications / Periodicals related to landslides 109 7. Web links for landslide publications 111 8. Glossary 113 9. Index 115 i Foreword The document on “A Selected Annotated Bibliography and Bibliography on Landslides in India” is prepared to provide a source of inventory for those who are interested in the landslide subject or willing to do research on it. It is a compilation of the available literature and research work pursued on Indian landslides. American Psychological Association (APA) citation style, one of the most used citation method is used for the referring the research work. The annotated bibliography and bibliography are placed in alphabetical order. The document has been formulated by Dr. Surya Parkash, Associate Professor, NIDM. It is divided in two parts: annotated bibliography and bibliography. Annotated bibliography is provided with the summary of the research work carried by the researcher. NIDM acknowledges the valuable support from all resource persons and institutes for providing technical inputs on the document and reviewing the same at various stages of preparation and publication. ii Preface The contemplation of available literature or research work carried out on any subject facilitates in understanding that particular subject. This document is equipped in an attempt to provide the relevant research works done on landslide hazard in India. Considerable literature and research work are available concerning to Indian landslides. The reason of designing this document on landslide is the severity of the hazard in India. Landslide hazard along with thousands of deaths in a year also cost huge monetary loss. The impacts of this hazard are long termed. Its long termed impacts include disruption in the communication network and economy, hardship for the local population, population displacement and negative effects on the natural environment. The document is consists of annotated bibliography and bibliography of the effort done by different researchers. Many international renowned citation styles of the research papers are available like, American Psychological Association (APA), Chicago, Turabian, Modern Language Association (MLA) etc. Here APA citation style1 has been used to refer the research work of the author(s). The annotated bibliography provides brief summary of the available research work carried out on Indian landslides. The sequence in which the annotated bibliography is presented is as follows: author(s) name, year, title of the research, publication details, link of the source and a brief summary about the research. On the other hand bibliography comprises author(s) name, year, title of the research and publication details. The sources of collected literatures are different international and national journals and conferences. The aim of this documentation is to systematically organize a source of previous literature and research work on landslides for the interested researcher for their further research. It can also be helpful for those who have interest in knowing about the landslides of their particular areas. 1 Ex: Author(s) last name, Initials. (Year). Title of article. Title of periodical, vol, page, publisher. iii Acknowledgement I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to Dr. Satendra, Executive Director, National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi for his kind encouragement for preparing the document on “A Selected Annotated Bibliography and Bibliography on Landslides in India”. I would like to show appreciation towards the staff members of National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi for their valuable cooperation during the period of this assignment. I would like to express my gratitude to all the sources which help in documentation. iv ACRONYMS USED ATES - Advanced Technical Engineering Services ATI - Administrative Training Institute BIS - Bureau of Indian Standards BRO - Border Roads Organization CBDP - Community Based Disaster Planning CBLRM - Community Based Landslides Risk Management CBDRM - Community Based Disaster Risk Management CBO - Community Based Organizations CBRI - Central Building Research Institute CLRM - Comprehensive Landslides Risk Management CRF - Calamity Relief Fund CRRI - Central Roads Research Institute DDMA - District Disaster Management Authority DGBR - Director General Border Roads DGCD - Director General civil Defence DGM - Department of Geology and Mines DMA - Disaster Management Act DMMG - Department of Mines, Minerals and Geology DoS - Department of Space DST - Department of Science & Technology ESF - Emergency Support Function GSI - Geological Survey of India GFDRR - Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery HVCR - Hazard, Vulnerability, Capacity and Risk ICL - International Consortium on Landslides ILC - International Landslide Centre IMD - Indian Meteorology Department IIRS - Indian Institute of Remote Sensing IPL - International Programme on Landslides ISDR - International Strategy for Disaster Reduction ISRO - Indian Space Research Organization ITBP - Indo Tibetan Border Police LHZ - Landslides Hazard Zonation LMP - Landslides Management Plan LRM - Landslides Risk Management LSN - Landslides Schools Network MHA - Ministry of Home Affairs MoM - Ministry of Mines MoES - Ministry of Earth Sciences NCCF - National Calamity Contingent Fund NDMA - National Disaster Management Authority NDMRC - National Disaster Mitigation Resource Centre NDRF - National Disaster Response Force v NDRF - National Disaster Response Fund NGO - Non Governmental Organization NHAI - National Highway Authority of India NHPC - National Hydro Power Corporation NIDM - National Institute of Disaster Management NTPC - National Thermal Power Corporation NRSC - National Remote Sensing Centre PGCL - Power Grid Corporation (I) Limited PWD - Public Works Department QRT - Quick Response Team SASE - Snow and Avalanches Studies Establishment SDMA - State Disaster Management Authority SDRF - State Disaster Response Fund SDRF - State Disaster Response Force SOP - Standard Operating Procedures THDC - Tehri Hydro Development Corporation UNDP - United Nations Development Programme USGS - United States Geological Survey VOs - Voluntary Organizations WBI - World Bank Institute WIHG - Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology vi 1 Background The vulnerability of India towards wide variety of hazards is well known. Landslides are among those hazards which now and then hammer the Indian Territory. India has a sensational record of catastrophes due to landslides. To name few such disastrous events are Mapla landslide, Alaknanda tragedy of 1970, Kaliasaur landslide, 2010 Cloudburst led flash mudslides in Leh of J&K etc. Many researchers had put their thinking cap in order to be familiar with Indian landslide. Ample research work has been carried out by different researchers on Indian landslides but hardship is that their work is not assembled in any one database which can facilitate current and future researchers to track these literatures. Therefore, its time to organize such a database source which is compilation of the research work conducted on the Indian landslides. The inventory of annotated bibliography and bibliography on landslides in India, commenced at National Institute of Disaster Management is an attempt to provide users a database source of available literature/research on the landslide hazard. The document presents annotated bibliography and bibliography of the Indian researcher’s work on Indian landslides. It includes research papers/articles published in journals and conference proceedings. 1 2 About Landslides Landslide (Fig 2.1) is a collective term used to describe various types of movement of the slope forming materials i.e. rock, earth, artificial materials or a combination of these materials. It can be delineated as “downward movement in the slope under the influence of gravity with a velocity ranging from very slow to very rapid”. Landslides are not an isolated phenomenon, they can occur virtually anywhere. Orthodox philosophy about landslide was that it only occurs in steep slopes but with passage of time and research it has been noticed that it can influence gentle slope Fig 2.1: Block diagram of landslide and its features Image source: http://www.bau.hsr.ch/(S(wpsr3wz4juhrmo45amnsljyf))/Print.aspx?Page=Characterizing_a_landslide too. One can experience this hazard on land as well as under the water. To understand landslides they are classified in many ways. The criteria used in classification includes, type of movement, type of material, rate of movement, activity, age of movement, morphological characteristics, size/scale etc. The most adopted classification is that of Varnes and Cruden of 1996 which is a modified version of Varnes’s 1978 landslide classification. This is based on two attributes, type of movement and type of material. Fall A fall starts with the detachment of soil or rock from a steep slope along a surface on which little or no shear displacement takes place. The material then descends mainly through the air by falling, bouncing, or