Glossary of Legal Terms English/Arabic Term Definition Translation: Arabic ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ؛ ﯾﻤﮭﺪ ﯾﻌﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻜﺎب اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ .AID AND ABET (v) To help or assist in committing a crime ﯾﺒﻄﻞ؛ ﯾﺴﻘﻂ؛ ﯾﻠﻐﻲ .ABATE (v) To put an end to; to cancel ْﯾﺴﻲ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل؛ ﯾﺘﺼﺮف ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺔ؛ ﯾﻮ’ذي ؛ ABUSE (v) To do physical, sexual or psychological harm ﯾﻀﺮ ﺷ ﺨ ﺼ ﺎ ﺟ ﻨ ﺴ ﯿ ﺎ او ﺟ ﺴ ﺪ ﯾ ﺎ او ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ .to someone ABUSE (n) Improper use or harm. Ex: abuse of power; spousal abuse. ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ؛ ﺷﺮﯾﻚ ﻓﻲ ارﺗﻜﺎب اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ACCESSORY (n) A person who helps someone else commit a ﻗﺒﻞ و ﻗ ﻮ ﻋ ﮭ ﺎ اوﺑﻌﺪ وﻗﻮﻋﮭﺎ crime, either - before the fact -before the crime - after the fact -after the crime. ﺷﺮﯾﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺮم ACCOMPLICE (n) A person who helps someone else commit a crime. اﺗﮭﺎم؛ ﺗﮭﻤﺔ .ACCUSATION (n) A formal charge against a person ﻣ ﺘ ﮭ ﻢ ACCUSED (n) The person who is charged with a crime and has to go to criminal court. (See Defendant) ﯾﻌﺘﺮف؛ ﯾﻘﺮ .ACKNOWLEDGE (v) To say or testify that something is true ْﯾﺒﺮى ؛ ﯾﺨﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ او ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ؛ ﯾﻄﻠﻖ ﺳﺮاﺣﺔ ACQUIT (v) To find a person charged with a crime not guilty. To set free or release a person who has been accused of a crime. اﺑﺮا ء؛ ﺑﺮاءة ACQUITTAL (n) A decision by a judge or jury that a person on trial is not guilty. وﺻﻲ ﺗﻌﯿﻨﮫ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ؛ وﻟﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺔ AD LITEM, GUARDIAN (n) A person appointed by the court to protect the interests of a minor or a mentally incompetent adult. ﻣﺪﻣﻦ ؛ ﻣﺘﻌﺎطﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات ADDICT (n) A person who is dependent on a drug or alcohol. The condition of being addicted to a drug or ADDICTION (n) alcohol. ادﻣﺎن؛ ﺗﻌﺎطﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات ﯾﺆﺟﻞ؛ ﯾﻌﻠﻖ اﻟﻘﻀﯿﺔ .ADJOURN (v) To delay a court hearing until a later time دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﺒﻮل او ﻣﻌﻘﻮل ADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE (n) Evidence that can be legally and properly used in court. ﻗﺒﻮل؛ اﻋﺘﺮاف؛ اﻗﺮار ADMISSION (n) Saying that certain facts are true, but not saying that you are guilty. (see Confession) ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻣ ﻨ ﺎ ھ ﺾ .ADVERSE WITNESS (n) A person called to testify for the other side اﻓﺎدة ﻛﺘﺎﺑﯿﺔ ﻣﺸﻔﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﯿﻤﯿﻦ؛ إﻗﺮار ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺼﺤﻮب ﺑﻘﺴﻢ AFFIDAVIT (n) A written statement made under oath in front of a legally authorized person, like a judge or a notary public. ﯾﺼﺪق؛ ﯾﺆﻛﺪ؛ ﯾﻘﺮ ( ﺣ ﻜ ﻤ ﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻧﻔﺎ) AFFIRM (v) To say that the lower court’s decision was correct. وﻛﯿﻞ؛ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ؛ ﻣ ﻔ ﻮ ض AGENT (n) A person who acts for another person or legally represents him or her. ﻣﺸﺪد اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ؛ ﺑﺸﻊ وﻣﻨﻄﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ AGGRAVATED (adj) Adjective that describes circumstances of a ﺧﻄﻮرة اﻟﻔﻌﻞ crime that may add to the degree of punishment (for example: aggravated murder refers to a murder committed while committing another crime); ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ذات ﺧﻄﻮرة ﺷﺪﯾﺪة aggravated arson -Action of deliberately starting a fire with the- intent to cause injury or damage; ﺿﺮب ﻣﺸﺪد aggravated battery -Use of force against another person with a- dangerous weapon. ﯾﺪﻋﻲ؛ ﯾﺰﻋﻢ؛ ﯾﻄﺎﻟﺐ ALLEGE (v) To say or claim that a crime has been committed even though it is not proven. ﻣﺰﻋﻮم .ALLEGED (adj) Stated, claimed, asserted, charged زﻋﻢ ALLEGATION (n) A statement that is made but has not yet been proven to be true or false. اﻟﻤﻠﻘﺐ؛ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف؛ اﻟﻤﻜﻨﻲ ALIAS (n) Term used to indicate another name by which a person is known. اﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن (ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﮭﻢ ALIBI (n) A defense that places the defendant at the وﻗﺖ ارﺗﻜﺎب اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﯿﺪا ﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﺎن وﻗﻮع time of a crime in a different place than the اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺪا ﻻ ﯾﻌﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﮫ اﻣﻜﺎن اﻗﺘﺮاﻓﮫ ﻟﮭﺎ)؛ اﻟﺸﺎھﺪ ﻓﻲ scene involved, so that he/she cannot possibly be guilty. ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺸﺎھﺪ ﺣﺼﺮ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ اﻟﺰوﺟﺔ ALIMONY (n) Money the court orders one spouse to pay to the other after a divorce. ﻣﺠﻬﻮل؛ بﻼ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ؛ يﻏ� ﻣﻌﺮوف ANONYMOUS (adj) Nameless, unknown, unsigned, lacking a name. ض�ﺤ� .APPEAR (v) To physically go to court اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ .APPELLANT (n) A person who appeals a court’s decision اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﺿﺪە APPELLEE (n) A person who answers an appeal to go to a higher court. ﺣﺠﺔ ا و ﻣ ﺮا ﻓ ﻌ ﺔ ARGUMENT (n) Remarks made by an attorney to a judge or jury about the facts of the case. ض�ﺤ� او �ﺴﺘﺪ� ا� اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ ﻟﻺﺟﺎبﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻬﻤﺔ ARRAIGN (v) To bring an accused person before the court to hear the criminal charges. اﺣﻀﺎر او اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﺷﺨﺺ ﻟﻺﺟﺎبﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻬﻤﺔ ,ARRAIGNMENT (n) Court appearance of the accused person when he/she is told about the charges against him/her and is asked to plead “guilty” or “not- guilty.” ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﺘ ﺄﺧﺮة ARREARAGE (n) Amount of child support that is overdue or unpaid. �ﻘبﺾ ﻋ�؛�ﺤﺠﺰ او ﻳﻮﻗﻒ (ﺗﻨﻔ�ﺬا ﻻﺻﺪار ﺣكﻢ) .ARREST (v) To keep a person in custody ﺣ��ﻖ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪ ARSON (n) Intentional burning of a house, commercial or industrial property. �ﻌﺘﺪي او ﻳﺘﻬﺠﻢ ﻋ� ياﻟﻐ� ASSAULT (v) To try to hurt or threaten to hurt someone else. (This is not battery. See BATTERY) اﻋﺘﺪاء ﻋ� ي اﻟﻐ� ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺳﻼح ﻗﺎﺗﻞ؛ ﺗﻬﺠﻢ ASSAULT WITH A DEADLY WEAPON (n) Doing bodily harm without justification by use of any weapon intended to do harm. �ﺤﺎول؛ �ﺴ� ﻟﻠﻘ�ﺎم بﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺎء ATTEMPT (v) To try to do a criminal act or to commit a crime وﻛ � ﻞ او ﻣﺤﺎم ATTORNEY (n) A legally trained person who represents clients in court and gives them legal advice. (See Lawyer, Counselor) ﻛﻔﺎﻟﺔ او ﺿﻤﺎن BAIL (n) A deposit of money given to release a Defendant or witness to make sure he/she returns to court. ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ؛ ﻣﺄﻣﻮر ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ؛ ﻣﻔﻮض ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ .BAILIFF (n) Person in charge of security in the courtroom He/she assists the judge. اﻓﻼس (ﻣﺎدي) BANKRUPTCY (n) The condition of a person who is unable to pay his/her debts. اﻟﺘﻌﺪي ضبﺎﻟ�ب؛ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاء ﻋ� ياﻟﻐ� ضبﺎﻟ�ب BATTERY (n) Illegal physical violence or control of a person without his or her permission. (Compare with ASSAULT) � �ﻘﻴﻨﺎ؛ ﻻ �ﺨﺎﻣﺮە اﻟﺸﻚ؛ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ و�كﻞ ﺗﺄ��ﺪ؛ بﻤﺎ ﻻ �ﻘبﻞ اﻟﺸﻚ BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT (Prep. In a criminal case, the jury must be convinced phrase) that every element of the crime has been proven by the Prosecution. �ﻠﺰم او ﻳ��ﻂ (بﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ)؛ �ﺎﺧﺬ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ب يﻛﺘﺎي بﺤﻀﻮر او ﺷﻬﺎدة BIND OVER (v) Action of a judge who decides before a trial that there is enough evidence for a trial. ض �ﺴبﺔ اﻟ�ﺤﻮل ي� اﻟﺪم؛ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺪم ياﻟ�ﺤﻮ�؛ BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (BAC) (n) The level of alcohol in your blood or breath ض ض ﺗ ﺮﻛ ي� اﻟ�ﺤﻮل ي� اﻟﺪم ﻓﺤﺺ دم BLOOD TEST (n) A test of your blood to determine how much alcohol or drugs are in your body. A test to determine who is the parent of a child. �ﺤﺠﺰ؛ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ BOOK (v) Action of the police who arrest you, take your ﺣﺠﺰ؛ إ�ﻘﺎف BOOKING (n) fingerprints, photographs and personal information. �ﻠ�ح بﺎﻟﺴﻼح ؛ �ﺸﻬﺮ اﻟﺴﻼح ؛ ﻳﻬﺪد بﺎﻟﺴﻼح BRANDISH A WEAPON (v) To show a weapon to another person, such as the police or a victim. ﺳ ﻄ ﻮ ؛ ﻛ� او اﻗﺘﺤﺎم؛ دﺧﻮل اﻟﺒ�ﺖ بﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻮة BREAKING AND ENTERING (n) Going into someone’s house at night with ﻷﻏﺮاض اﻟ�ﻗﺔ او ارﺗكﺎب ﺟﻨﺎ�ﺔ .intent to commit a serious crime ض ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ (ﻟﺘﺤﺪ�ﺪ �ﺴبﺔ اﻟ�ﺤﻮل ي� اﻟﺠﺴﻢ) BREATHALYZER TEST (n) A test of your breath to determine the level of alcohol in your body. ﻳﺮﺷ ﻮ؛ رﺷ ﻮة BRIBE (v) (n) To give money (or something of value) to influence another person to do or not do something. ﻋﺐء اﻻﺛبﺎت BURDEN OF PROOF (n) The requirement that the plaintiff (the party bringing a civil lawsuit) show by a "preponderance of evidence" or "weight of evidence" that all the facts necessary to win a judgment are presented and are probably true. اﻟﺴﻄﻮ ﻋ� اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل و�ﻗﺘﻬﺎ BURGLARY (n) Act of unlawfully breaking into or entering a building or home, with the intent to commit a theft or other serious crime. أﻫﻠ�ﺔ؛ ﻗﺪرة CAPACITY (n) A person’s legal or mental ability to make legal decisions. اﻟﻘﻀ�ﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى CAPITAL CASE (n) A criminal case where the defendant may get the death penalty. ﺟ��ﻤﺔ اﻋﺪام .CAPITAL CRIME (n) A crime punishable by death ﺟ��ﻤﺔ اﻋﺪام (CAPITAL OFFENSE (n اﻟﺠ��ﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى؛ ﻋﻘ��ﺔ اﻹﻋﺪام ؛ اﻟﻘﺼﺎص بﺎﻟﻤﻮت .CAPITAL PUNISHMENT (n) Punishment by death ﺧﻄﻒ او �ﻗﺔ اﻟﺴ�ﺎرات CARJACKING (n) Action of taking a car/truck that belongs to someone else against his will, by means of force or fear. ﻗﻀ�ﺔ .CASE (n) Lawsuit filed in criminal, civil or traffic court اﻣﺮ اﻟ�ﻒ او اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ او اﻟﻤﻨﻊ CEASE AND DESIST ORDER (n) An order of an administrative agency or court prohibiting a person or business from continuing to do something. ﺻﻮرة او �ﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﻗﺔ CERTIFIED COPY (n) An official copy of a paper from a case file that is marked as being true, complete, and a real copy of the original legal case. ﻃﻌﻦ او تاﻋ� اض CHALLENGE (n) (v) Someone’s right to object to or oppose an �ﻄﻌﻦ او ت�ﻌ�ض .accusation in a legal case ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ضاﻟﻘﺎ� اﻟﺨﺎص .CHAMBERS (n) A judge’s private office ي ض يﺗﻐﻴ� ﻣكﺎن اﻟﻤﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ (اﻟﻘﻀ�ﺔ) او اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ي� اﻟﺪﻋﻮى CHANGE OF VENUE (n) Moving a civil or criminal case from one court jurisdiction to another. ﺑيﻨﺔ يﺳ��ﺔ؛ ادﻟﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ �ﺴﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ CHARACTER EVIDENCE (n) Evidence about a criminal defendant’s character.