This in-depth history is kindly offered by Alyce Salmon, Township Historian Emerita. Reproduced by permission. Wall Township, incorporated March 7, 1851 by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature, embraces approximately thirty-two square miles in southern Monmouth County. Wall's ancestors settled first in East Jersey's Shrewsbury Township. This land was already inhabited by the Lenni Lenape, an Algonquian group of Indians (Native Americans) who lived in loosely - knit family groups in the greater Delaware area. Clans managed decisions on marriage and descent, leaving the people to their individual governance. Current research on Lenape life includes books, excavations such as the one at Turkey Swamp and "Pow Wows" presented by the Delaware people themselves. King Charles II of England in 1664 decided to colonize the land he owned between the Hudson and the Delaware Rivers. He dispatched Colonel Robert Nicolls to subdue the Dutch and establish settlements. Nicolls was remarkably successful and named the land "Albania." But before he could return to England, the King granted his brother, James Duke of York, these same lands. The Duke named the tract "Novo Cesarea" or "New Jersey," then gave the territory to court favorites Sir John Carteret and John Lord Berkeley. The result was that two different patent claims were made for the same land, causing title problems which persist to today. New Jersey was divided into East and West Jersey. Upon the death of Berkeley, the land was leased in 1682 by The General Board of Proprietors of the Eastern Division of New Jersey. In 1688, Berkeley's lands were organized as The Council of Proprietors of the Western Division. Earliest patents granted in the Wall area were for land near the Manasquan River. By 1801, what was to be the Wall area became a part of Howell Township. Towards the mid-18th century, certain inhabitants petitioned the New Jersey Legislature to set aside a new township from Howell - from Shark River and its streams to the Atlantic Ocean, then from the Manasquan River over to the Howell border. Petitioners for the successful establishment of a new township included the first Township Committee members James Allgor, Robert Laird, M.D, Samuel Allen and Benjamin Pearce. They chose to name the township "Wall" after United States Senator Garret Dorset Wall who had died in 1850 during the time of legal separation from Howell Township. Garret Dorset Wall served in the War of 1812 at Sandy Hook and then became Quartermaster General for the State of New Jersey. He carried the title of "General" throughout his life. A lawyer by practice, Wall was a member of the New Jersey Legislature. He was selected by his peers to be governor, but refused the honor. He did, however, serve as United States District Attorney for the State of New Jersey. Wall's next position was that of United States Senator under Presidents Jackson and Van Buren. Senator Wall was a noted orator and was compared favorably to Henry Clay. Ellis' "History of Monmouth County" recounts that Senator Wall's contemporaries considered him to be "one of the best known men of his time". Garret Dorset Wall's likeness, his official Senate engraving, belongs to the Old Wall Historical Society Museum collection. This in-depth history is kindly offered by Alyce Salmon, Township Historian Emerita. Reproduced by permission. Scholars trace this area's heritage to the Paleo-Indian era 12,000 to 10,000 B.C. Shark River is considered by some researchers to derive its name from prehistoric sharks whose teeth have been found there. Dr. Herbert Kraft of Seton Hall University has written widely on the Paleo- Indians as well as on the "modern" Lenni Lenape Indians. Reminders of this original people's culture and customs, along with their artifacts, are found in museums, archeological excavations and writings. Lenape contributions to today's society are seen in their paths across the state which formed the basis for many modern roads. Wall's resources of salt and grist mills were critical during the Revolutionary War. British spy maps focused on these "landmarks". Both the Union Salt Works on the Manasquan River and the Shark River Salt Works provided salt for the colonials to preserve food and game. Their strategic product needed by all combatants was saltpeter to make gunpowder. The British bombarded both salt works, temporarily devastating the Union Works and damaging the Shark River installations. Area grist mills were necessary to the British in order to provide grain as food for their troops on Staten Island. It was one local hero who fought to thwart many of these shipments of foodstuffs. Captain Sam Allen of the Allenwood Militia brought the war to the backwaters of the Manasquan River. Captain Sam, a cousin of Ethan Allen, took his band of Minute Men to maraud British shipping. He specialized in guarding the coast from Toms River to Sandy Hook. His successful forays against the British and the Tories did however bring him personal disaster. The British forced Allen to watch his own home burned during each of the three times the Captain was captured. Allen's nemesis, the Tory Captain Tighe, was finally captured by Allen, judged by him and hung. A stone marker erected near this noteworthy hanging spot by the Daughter of the American Revolution is located on today's Highway 70. Another enemy during the Revolution besides the British sympathizers or Tories were the Pine Robbers. While the Tories who had received their land from the King were amiable neighbors during the day and enemies by night, the Pine Robbers were disgruntled British sailors who had jumped ship. They banded together with local outlaws to burn and pillage throughout the area. A local heroine, Hannah Dennis, was attacked by Pine Robbers in her Allenwood area home. The hung her, leaving her for dead. Hannah's daughter Amelia saved her mother. Amelia later recognized the Robbers when they were captured. She confronted and accused Jacob Fagan, a leader. Due to the zeal of Captain Sam and his men, many Pine Robbers were hung near Wreck Pond. Captain Sam Allen outlived the Revolutionary War's threats, dying peacefully in 1831. His body is thought to be buried off Ramshorn Drive near Highway 70. Allen's direct descendants attest to the validity of his wartime deeds, contradicting those critics who consider Allen just a folk tale invention. Industry entered the quiet world on the north side of the Manasquan River where bog iron, a source of smelting fuel, lay. James P. Allaire, a New York entrepreneur, was drawn to the site of the Revolutionary War Monmouth Furnace. Allaire was a Renaissance man: inventor, This in-depth history is kindly offered by Alyce Salmon, Township Historian Emerita. Reproduced by permission. brassfounder, utopian industrialist and planner. He designed the first brass air chamber either for Robert Futon's "Clermont" or one of its prototypes. He also designed first steam frigate and the first apartment house. James P. Allaire purchased the property in 1822, renovated the old furnace and called it "The Howell Works" after its location. For his enterprises which included iron, hollow ware and brass castings, he fashioned a complete ideal company town with its own row houses, currency, church and one room school. Allaire was the first industrialist to provide education for the children of his employees. Many workers who lived and worked at the Works came from several different countries. The discovery of oil in Pennsylvania brought an end to the bog iron industry and to the Howell Works. In 1878, Allaire's son Hal became the sole owner of the Works which was to become "The Deserted Village" at his death in 1901. Today, the "Historic Village in Allaire State Park" under the aegis of Allaire Village. Inc. is restored to its early 1800's period; it offers visitors the experience of living history . The Village is listed on both the State and National Registers of Historic Places. Its brick furnace is represented on Wall Township's official seal in the upper left quadrant. Nineteenth century Wall settlements were "villages" clustered along stage coach routes. Early maps show the names such as Allenwood, Chapel, New Bedford, Hurleytown, Blansingburg and Bailey's Corner. Each village maintained blacksmith, carriage, wheelwright, and feed and grain shops. The community focused on a general store whose shopkeeper also often served as postmaster. A red brick building on New Bedford Road is one of the earliest brick structures in Monmouth County. This Allgor/Kittell blacksmith/wheelwright shop is depicted on Wall's official seal in the lower right quadrant. A man of many talents was Robert Laird, M.D., the first Moderator of the Day (Mayor) for Wall's first Township Committee meeting March 11, 1851. He was a leading medical doctor who served six townships as Almshouse Physician for thirty years. During that same March meeting, Laird became Wall's first Superintendent of Schools. He established new schools, formed new districts, furnished schoolhouses with blackboards and maps and visited classes annually to test each teacher as well as each pupil. In his capacity as Moderator, he helped to secure new mail routes and set up new post offices. Dr. Laird took three years "off" from Wall to serve as a New Jersey Senator. His many civic activities in both Monmouth and Ocean counties made him a leading figure of his day. Meanwhile, men in the various communities carried on farming, woodworking, smithing and the necessary trades. At the turn of the twentieth century, Wall housewrights and carpenters constructed some of the renowned mansions along the coast from Allenhurst and Deal north.