Table 4.2 Value Description associated with the Ravensworth Homestead values map Burra Charter Subcategory Description of Value Map Ref. Value Perception that Bowman and MacArthur were well educated - brought the design with them from the UK. Unusual 20 People compound for Australian homesteads. Family grave - thought to be the grave of the manager's daughter. Potential for other graves, including James Bowman? 27 Convict quarters - interplay between convicts and homestead 1 Agricultural history and equipment used e.g. wool bins and round wool table 6 Early Australian - pantry/store room and meat safe characteristic of early Australian life 10 Changing land use - from sheep to cattle, with Lucerne hay production 11 Historic Stages of building - main house circa 1840 12 Events Stage of building - original cottage (kitchen wing) circa 1832 13 (subject to further investigation) Stages of building - additional cottage c.1906 – c.1930 14 Wool table and wool bins still present. 19 Dummy windows on western side of main house - reflective of window tax. 31 Dummy windows on western side of outbuilding 2 - reflective of window tax. 38 Stone wall around house – majority in good condition made from convict stone 17 Stranger's room - for passing travellers. Stories important e.g. strangers room where anyone could stay there. 21 Front façade 2 Natural stone architecture and detail (western side) 3 Aesthetic Design/style Arches - design (three arches) 4 Built form - hand hewn stone and stone lintels above windows and door 5 Stables and shearing shed - important arch entrance 7 Glendell Continued Operations Project Perceived Project Impacts 4166_R05-SIA_V4_Final 43 Burra Charter Subcategory Description of Value Map Ref. Value Original features in cottage e.g. fireplace 8 Unique ablutions block. Four seater dunny - with two small seats and two large seats. When the family lived there a 9 woodheap was next to the toilet and they would take wood inside when they came back from the toilet. Barn – used to store hay – 1966. 18 Stranger's room - for passing travellers. Stories important e.g. strangers room where anyone could stay there. 21 Stables, shearing, dairy in one building. 22 Idea of long term confidence 1820s-40s era - stone outbuildings 23 catching pen 30 Original drive way used to be around fig but Jenny and her husband never used it 33 Original gate to garden 35 Trees garden within the direct compound clean boundary - unique that it is in a clearly defined compound/complex 37 Designers Bowmen and MacArthur well educated - brought the design with them from the UK. Unusual compound for 20 Australian homesteads. Millstone seat (made of rounded stone) used for setting steel wheels 16 Craftsmanship Natural stone architecture and detail (western side) 3 Built form - hand hewn stone and stone lintels above windows and door 5 Stone wall around house – majority in good condition made from convict stone 17 Wooden beams in outbuilding 1 32 Technology of Ventilation/peaks on main house might have been installed around 1906 36 construction Dummy windows on western side of main house - reflective of window tax. 31 Dummy windows on western side of outbuilding 2 - reflective of window tax. 38 Arches - design (three arches) 4 Glendell Continued Operations Project Perceived Project Impacts 4166_R05-SIA_V4_Final 44 Burra Charter Subcategory Description of Value Map Ref. Value Built form - hand hewn stone and stone lintels above windows and door 5 Stables and shearing shed - important arch entrance 7 Unique ablutions block. 4 seater dunny with 2 smaller seats and 2 larger seats. When the family lived there a woodheap 9 was next to the toilet and they would take wood inside when they came back from the toilet. 2 palms and Moreton Bay fig 15 Stables, shearing, dairy in one building. 22 Relationship to Foundations of convict quarters 24 Scientific Context Underground brick tank 25 Old hand pump (no longer there) 28 Research Convict quarters - interplay between convicts and homestead 1 Chook shed. 26 Outdoor spa remains where grassed depression and old piping is located (Marshall family) 29 Cattle yards and slaughter shed 39 Sheep yards with 20 stands, pulled down during WWI 40 Open water tank 41 Tennis court 42 Other Obelisk (used as surveyors mark) 43 Lemon tree (now gone) 44 windmill used to pump water from water tank 45 Water tank (replaced) 46 sheering shed 47 Quarters for convict managers 48 Glendell Continued Operations Project Perceived Project Impacts 4166_R05-SIA_V4_Final 45 90 80 70 60 Historical 50 Aesthetic Scientific 40 Social 30 Comparative 20 10 0 Historical Aesthetic Scientific Social Comparative Figure 4.5 Values associated with the Ravensworth Homestead (as categorised using the Burra Charter values and definitions) Note: Multiple responses allowed. Data based on sample of 19 participants. 45 40 Historical (people) 35 30 Historical (events) 25 Historical (migration) 20 15 Aesthetic (design/style) 10 5 Aesthetic (craftsmanship) 0 Aesthetic (technology of construction) Aesthetic (relationship to context) Scientific (research) Scientific (interaction with other buildings) Figure 4.6 Sub-categories of values identified relating to the Ravensworth Homestead Note: Multiple responses allowed. Data based on sample of 19 participants Glendell Continued Operations Project Perceived Project Impacts 4166_R05-SIA_V4_Final 46 As illustrated in the values map (Figure 4.4) and Figures 4.5 and 4.6, many of the values identified related to the Aesthetic values associated with the homestead, namely the design/style of the homestead, its craftsmanship and technology of construction and the relationship of the homestead and its buildings to its original setting, as a working agricultural complex within the region. “Being stone, it’s beautifully crafted (hand-hewn stone) and built. It is considered that it may have been designed by ‘Verge’ – we’ve lost so much history in the Valley” “The arches in the stable are unique and important” “The four seater dunny is so interesting” Historical values were frequently raised, particularly the connection of the homestead with broader historical themes e.g. notable people (Bowman, Macarthur and Russell families and more recently the Marshall family (since the 1930s) and the events or movements around the homestead in a local, regional or national context. For example, we know that a connection existed between the original Dulwich estate and Ravensworth Homestead, which were connected by a bridle path in the time of James Bowman and James Glennie. In relation to historic value, there was a strong view among the majority of participants interviewed that the homestead is historically important and that it is crucial to preserve its heritage, either in-situ or in a new place, where it can be conserved. "It's the history of Australia" – Local landowner "Enough history is lost, we need to save these things." – Local landowner “The homestead’s heritage value is broader than just its buildings; it provides a link to the establishment of community within the region.” There are many familial connections within the region so which Ravensworth is a part – it has links back to the Macarthur Family and is one of the oldest buildings of its kind in our region.” In this regard, many participants consulted, had personal stories, or stories handed down from their families, about events and people’s lives at the homestead; with the remembrance of these stories considered very important. These included: memories of working on the homestead, helping with shearing, crutching and general farm work one participant remembered his mother telling stories from the times she was a teacher to the children living at the homestead memories of playing tennis on the grassed area attending weddings and parties recollections of previous residents and owners, such as Campbell Marshall who was a very well respected Shire President who refused at the time to have a bitumen upgrade to the road near the homestead to ensure there was no perception of self-gain visits to the homestead during open events and reports of graves at, or nearby the homestead, including the daughter of a former caretaker reported to have drowned, a former manager and potentially Dr James Bowman himself. Glendell Continued Operations Project Perceived Project Impacts 4166_R05-SIA_V4_Final 47 As is further defined below, such history was not always positive or favourable with Aboriginal stakeholders with Ravensworth a dark reminder of hostile encounters with early settlers. Scientific values raised in relation to the Homestead related to the stories of evidence of past activity associated with the homestead (use of convict labour through to changes in agricultural production from sheep to cattle); the existence and detail of original buildings and the interaction between the homestead and other buildings. “It paints a picture and tells a story of the time” In this regard the homestead complex appears unique with its original cottage, the new more elaborate homestead building and the ornate stable block and old barn. The complex also has remnants of stones from the old convict quarters (no longer standing) which would have closed the rectangular formation of the compound. While the original Ravensworth cottage was first thought to have been established on the other side of York’s Creek, the development of the second cottage and homestead some years later in c.1826 and c.1832 respectively, marked the development of a significant property within the district; and many memories and stories associated with those that resided within its walls or worked on the property. In relation to past activity, the site/locality also has significance to the Aboriginal community; with views expressed that it was a site of violence, conflict and murder of local Aboriginal people. "It’s history as a brutal site of violence and massacre is important to acknowledge" The homestead also holds strong social values for the neighbouring community, evidenced by the contribution that the building has made to the wellbeing of its community in a social and economic, commemorative, spiritual and symbolic sense.