List of abbreviations A – adenosine Myr – million years A – absorbance (1 cm) N – any nucleoside aa – amino acid(s) NAD L nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide – Ab – antibody(ies) NADH K and its reduced form Ad – adenovirus Nm – neomycin AdoMet (or SAM) – S-adenosylmethionine nt – nucleotide(s) AMV – avian myeloblastosis virus o, O – operator Ap – ampicillin oligo – oligodeoxyribonucleotide bGal – b-galactosidase ONPG – o-nitrophenyl b-d-galactopyranoside bp – base pair(s) ORF – open reading frame BSA – bovine serum albumin ori – origin(s) of DNA replication C – cytidine p – plasmid cAMP – cyclic adenosine 3∞,5∞-monophosphate p, P – promoter CAT – Cm acetyltransferase PA – polyacrylamide cat – gene encoding CAT PAGE – PA-gel electrophoresis ccc – covalently closed circular PEG – poly(ethylene glycol) cDNA – DNA complementary to RNA pfu – plaque-forming unit(s) CHO – Chinese hamster ovary Pi – inorganic phosphate CIAP – calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase Pipes – 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid Cm – chloramphenicol PMSF – phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride cp – chloroplast PolIk – Klenow (large) fragment of E. coli DNA cpm – counts per minute polymerase I d – deoxyribo PPi – inorganic pyrophosphate D – deletion PPO – 2,5-diphenyloxazole dd – dideoxyribo R – (superscript) resistance/resistant DMSO – dimethylsulfoxide R – purine (or restriction) DNase – deoxyribonuclease RBS – ribosome-binding site(s) dNTP – deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate rDNA – DNA coding for rRNA ds – double strand(ed) re- – recombinant DTT – dithiothreitol RFLP – restriction-fragment length polymorphism EF – elongation factor Rif – rifampicin ELISA – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay RNase – ribonuclease ENase (or RΩ) – restriction endonuclease rRNA – ribosomal RNA Er – erythromycin S – (superscript) sensitivity/sensitive EtdBr – ethidium bromide S – sedimentation constant G – guanosine SD – Shine-Dalgarno (sequence) Gm – gentamicin SDS – sodium dodecyl sulfate G418 – Geneticin Sm – streptomycin HIV – human immunodeficiency virus ss – single strand(ed) Ω HPLC – high-performance liquid chromatography SSC – 0.15 M NaCl/0.015 M Na3 citrate pH 7.6 HPRT – hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase T – thymidine HSV – Herpes simplex virus t, T – terminator of transcription Hy – hygromycin Tc – tetracycline IF – initiation factor Th – thiostrepton IFN – interferon TK – thymidine kinase Ig – immunoglobulin(s) TMV – tobacco mosaic virus IL – interleukin Tn – transposon IPTG – isopropyl b-d-thiogalactopyranoside tsp – transcription start point(s) IS – insertion sequence(s) u – unit(s) kb – kilobase(s) or 1000 bp U – uridine kDa – kilodalton(s) URF – unidentified open reading frame Km – kanamycin UTR – untranslated region(s) lacZpo – lac promoter-operator UV – ultraviolet LB – Luria-Bertani (medium) wt – wild type LTR – long terminal repeat(s) XGal – 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl b-d-galactopyran- m6A–N6-methyladenosine oside mAb – monoclonal Ab Y – pyrimidine MCS – multiple cloning site(s) [ ] – denotes plasmid-carrier state moi – multiplicity of infection ( ) – denotes prophage (lysogenic) state Mr – relative molecular mass (dimensionless) :: – novel junction (fusion or insertion) mt – mitochondria(l) ∞ (prime) – denotes a truncated gene at the indicated side MTase (or MΩ) – DNA methyltransferase Nucleotide symbol combinations: Pairs: K=G/T; M=A/C; R=A/G; S=C/G; W=A/T; Y=C/T. Triples: B=C/G/T; D=A/G/T; H=A/C/T; V=A/C/G; N=A/C/G/T. 29-10-98 09:38:27 PagEdit Publication prelims Issue ge3901 /page 7 Rev 12.13x.