2014 – 2016 2016 Biennial Report The 2016 Biennial Report to Congress on the Effectiveness of 20Grant Programs Under 16the Violence Against Women Act United States Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women TABLE OF CONTENTS • i Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................iv Considerations for the Reader .....................................................................v Executive Summary ..................................................................................vii Introduction ...............................................................................................1 VAWA Funding ...............................................................................................................................3 Discretionary Grant Programs ...................................................................................................4 Formerly Authorized Discretionary Grant Programs .............................................................5 Formula Grant Programs ............................................................................................................5 The Scope and Burden of Violence ...............................................................7 Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, Sex Trafficking, and Stalking in the U.S. ...............................................................................................................7 Domestic Violence .......................................................................................................................8 Dating Violence .............................................................................................................................9 Sexual Assault .............................................................................................................................10 Sex Trafficking .............................................................................................................................12 Stalking ........................................................................................................................................13 The Effectiveness of VAWA Funding: An Overview .....................................15 Coordinated Community Response ...........................................................17 Criminal Justice Response ........................................................................19 Law Enforcement .......................................................................................................................19 Prosecution .................................................................................................................................22 Courts ...........................................................................................................................................24 Probation .....................................................................................................................................28 ii • VAWA REPORT TO CONGRESS Services to Victims and Families ................................................................31 Crisis Intervention Services ......................................................................................................31 Shelter and Transitional Housing ..........................................................................................32 Legal Advocacy and Legal Services ........................................................................................34 Orders of Protection ..................................................................................................................36 Supervised Visitation and Safe Exchange Services .............................................................38 Historically Underserved and Other Vulnerable Populations ......................41 American Indians and Alaska Natives ....................................................................................42 Immigrants and Refugees .........................................................................................................45 People with Disabilities .............................................................................................................48 People Victimized in Later Life/Elder Abuse .........................................................................49 Children and Youth ....................................................................................................................51 Victims and Families Living in Rural Areas ...........................................................................52 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and/or Transgender (LGBT) Victims .............................................53 Community Education, Public Awareness, and Prevention .........................55 Training and Technical Assistance .............................................................57 Conclusion ...............................................................................................61 The Enhanced Training and Services to End Violence Against and Abuse of Women Later in Life Program (Abuse Later in Life) ...............63 Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies and Enforcement of Protection Orders Program (Arrest) ............................................................................71 Grants to Reduce Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, and Stalking on Campus Program (Campus) ...............................85 Grants to Assist Children and Youth Exposed to Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, and Stalking Program (CEV) ...............95 Consolidated Grant Program to Address Children and Youth Experiencing Domestic and Sexual Assault and Engage Men and Boys as Allies (Consolidated Youth) ................................................... 105 Court Training and Improvements Program (Courts) ................................ 117 Grants to Enhance Culturally Specific Services for Victims of Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking Program (CSSP) .......................................................................... 129 TABLE OF CONTENTS • iii Education, Training, and Enhanced Services to End Violence Against and Abuse of Women with Disabilities Grant Program (Disability) .............................................................................................. 141 Engaging Men and Youth in Preventing Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, and Stalking Program (EMY) ........................... 151 Grants to Support Families in the Justice System Program (JFF) ................ 155 Legal Assistance for Victims Grant Program (LAV) .................................... 173 Rural Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, and Stalking Assistance Program (Rural) ........................................................ 183 Sexual Assault Services Program—Grants to Culturally Specific Programs (SASP-CS) ................................................................................ 195 Grants to State Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Coalitions Program (State Coalitions) ....................................................................... 203 Services, Training, Education and Policies to Reduce Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, and Stalking in Secondary Schools Grant Program (STEP) ................................................ 207 Safe Havens: Supervised Visitation and Safe Exchange Grant Program (Supervised Visitation) .............................................................. 215 Technical Assistance Program (Technical Assistance) ............................... 223 Transitional Housing Assistance Grants for Victims of Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking Program (Transitional Housing) ............................................................................ 227 Grants to Support Tribal Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Coalitions (Tribal Coalitions) ................................................................... 239 Grants to Indian Tribal Governments Program (Tribal Governments) .............................................................................. 243 Tribal Sexual Assault Services Program (Tribal SASP) ............................... 259 Grants for Outreach and Services to Underserved Populations (Underserved) ...................................................................... 267 Services to Advocate for and Respond to Youth Program (Youth Services) ...................................................................................... 277 References .............................................................................................. 285 iv • VAWA REPORT TO CONGRESS Acknowledgements The office on Violence Against Women (OVW) gratefully acknowledges the work of the staff of the Violence Against Women Act Measuring effectiveness Initiative at the Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine (Muskie School); the staff played a central role in the development of this report to Congress. In addition, we wish to express our appreciation to the VAWA grantees who collected and reported the data on which this report is based. Their efforts, and the data and stories they share about responding to domestic/sexual violence, demonstrate the effectiveness of VAWA funding across the country, and highlight where works remains to be done. Bea Hanson Principal Deputy Director office on Violence Against Women U.S. Department of Justice CONSIDERATIONS