WaterWater ManagementManagement inin PhuketPhuket Introduction to Phuket Phuket is the most famous province in the Southern Thailand. • It lies off the west coast of the Southern Thailand to the Andaman Sea. • Its economy has been steadily Phuket expanding from the past until now. • It formerly derived its wealth from tin mining. • Now the tourism industry is the largest source of income in Phuket. Water Management in Phuket Many water-related issues, such as flooding and shortage of water. potential negative impacts to its future economic development. Many large-scale water resource projects were already conducted: • Bang Ward reservoir project (constructed in 1984) • Bang Neaw Dam reservoir project (constructed in 2006) • Klong Katha reservoir project (constructed in 2017) … Still in short of water supply • for the Phuket local population • for ever-increasing inbound tourists. Geography and Climate in Phuket Geography - The Phuket Province: the Phuket island, the largest island in Thailand, and 23 smaller islands - 543km2 - 77% covered with mountains from north to south - 23% are plains lying in the central and eastern parts - Beaches in the east coast are more often muddy, while beaches in the west are sandy, which attract many tourists. Climate - Tropical monsoon climate - 7 months of dry season from mid-October to mid- May, with occasional rain - 5 months of rainy season - Average annual rain: 2,200 millimeters Main Rivers and Canals in Phuket Phuket Province Klong Krang Klong Ao-Yon 3 45.17 million m 1.08 million m3 คลองบางใหญ่ ( x.190 ) 38.32 ล้าน ลูกบาศก์ เมตร Klong Bangyai Klong Tha Yang 45.09 million m3 49.02 million m3 Average annual runoff 3 Klong Bang Ta 153.29 million m 12.93 million m3 Current Water Resources in Phuket The average runoff Storage capacity Water storage in The amount of Water source in the basin capacity available water (million m3/year) (million m3) (million m3) (million m3) Royal Irrigation Department Bang Ward 5.67 10.20 - - Bang Niao Dam 6.28 7.20 - - Klong Katha 6.04 4.32 - - Surface water/ - - 21.02 - 109 old mines 5 groundwater 30.80 basins 1,024 5.11 Groundwater well Sub-total - 21.72 21.02 35.91 Total 78.65 million m3 / year Water Consumption in Phuket Estimation of water consumption in future (2017-2032), based on the analysis of past consumptions Water Consumption (million m3) Item 2016 2017 2022 2027 2032 1. Local Consumption 52.30 52.32 54.12 55.92 57.72 2. Tourism 12.07 18.44 24.89 33.60 45.35 Total 64.37 70.76 79.01 89.52 103.07 Water Source Current Water Volume in Phuket (million m3) 1. Bang Ward 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20 - Water pumping of Bang Yai - Bang Ward 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 2. Bang Niew Dam Reservoir 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 3. Klong Katha Reservoir - - 4.32 4.32 4.32 4. Rainfall reservoir - Bang Ward 5.67 5.67 5.67 5.67 5.67 - Bang Niew Dam 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 - Klong Katha - - 6.04 6.04 6.04 5. Phuket Water Work Authority, Mines, the regional supply and 12.05 12.05 12.05 12.05 12.05 RO 6. Phuket Municipal Water Work Division 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 7.Groundwater (wells) 5.11 5.11 5.11 5.11 5.11 Total 56.16 56.16 62.20 62.20 62.20 Water demand 64.37 70.76 79.01 89.52 103.07 Supply-demand –8.21 –14.60 –16.81 –27.32 –40.87 balance 1. Increase water reservoirs: (re)development of old small irrigation projects, mines, and swamps 2. Improve the water retention rate of Bang Niew Dam Solutions for water 3. Provide more water to Bang Niew Dam shortage 4. Develop the water drainage system between Bang Niew Dam Reservoir and Bang Ward Reservoir issues 5.Develop groundwater pumping 6. Transfer water from outside of Phuket Solutions to Water Shortage in the Plan of the Royal Irrigation Department Quantity of water supply (million m3) Items 2016 2017 2022 2027 2032 Improve the reservoir capacity - - 3.00 3.00 3.00 of Bang Niew Dam Construct the water drainage system between Bang Niew - - 8.00 8.00 8.00 Dam and Ban Khok Tanot Develop water exploitation from - - 20.84 20.84 20.84 mines Develop water pumping of - - 30.80 30.80 30.80 groundwater Improve the water retention rate of approximately 5% of - - 7.50 7.50 7.50 annual runoff Estimated water - - 70.14 70.14 70.14 supply increase Available water 56.16 56.16 62.20 62.20 62.20 supply Total water supply 56.16 56.16 132.34 132.34 132.34 Water demand 64.37 70.76 79.01 89.52 103.07 Supply-demand balance –8.21 –14.60 +53.33 +42.82 +29.27 Water Pipelines of Phuket Provincial Water Work Authority Water Consumption in Phuket Year Volume of Volume of Volume of Total water water water production purchased production (Provincial from private (Phuket Water Work sectors Municipal Authority) Water Work Division) 2015 20,038,658 11,871,953 14,979,600 46,890,211 2016 19,174,261 12,732,622 14,979,600 46,886,483 Local Population: 75,378 Annual Inbound Tourists: 13,306,455 (2016) Solution by the Phuket Provincial Water Work Authority 1. To utilize private sectors to increase the water supply for the growing need. Raw water resources are provided for private sectors for water products. 2. To expand the number of water users in Kamala, Rawai, and Karon. 3. To improve the main water supply pipeline; particularly in Patong. 4. Phuket municipal water resource policy. To increase production capacity for the Phuket City and other neighboring areas. Issues to Solve 1. Insufficient water supply for consumption both of the Phuket local population and increasing inbound tourists. 2. Incomplete area coverage by Phuket Provincial Water Work Authority and by Phuket Municipal Water Work Division. 3. Lack of land to expand the main waterline. 4. Lack of budget for water resource development and for service area expansion. Solutions to Water Resource Management Issues in Phuket (based on the Thai governmental innovation model) The government Pracha rath People and government participation Officials and People government collaboration agencies Goal of the government Wastewater Management in Phuket Area Wastewater Management Policy Government Policy: Policy Statement of the Council of Ministers (Friday 12 September B.E. 2557 (2014)) Issue 9 National Strategy 20 years (2017 - 2037) Part 4: Strategy 4 The Twelfth National Economic and Social Development Plan (2017-2021) Part 4: Strategy 4 Pollution Management Strategy and Plan (2017- 2021) Strategy 2 & 3 Development Plan of the Province, Andaman South Coast Phuket Development Plan Strategy 4 Government Policy: Policy Statement of the Council of Ministers (Friday 12 September B.E. 2557 (2014)) 9. Maintaining the Security of the Resource Base and Creating Balance between Conservation and Sustainable Use 9.4 Manage the country’s water resources in a unified manner in all dimensions, quantitatively and qualitatively; and provide a water management plan for the country and a process which integrates the work plans and budgets of all concerned agencies so that project work plans avoid redundancy, are systematically linked and conform with water resource management policy and direction, by establishing or designating water management mechanisms as well as using high- efficiency technology in the water management and danger warning systems. National Strategy 20 years (2017 - 2037) Section 4: Development Strategies Strategy 4: Strategy for Environmentally-Friendly Growth for Sustainable Development Development Guidelines 3.3 Solve the environmental crises: speed up the control of air pollution, waste water, solid and harzadous waste from production and consumption. Build environmentally-friendly cities or green cities to create a good environment for the people. Related development guidelines should include National Strategy 20 years (2017 - 2037) 3.3.2 Increase the efficiency of water quality management in the main watershed areas, particularly those facing pollution crises, by reducing wastewater from 139 the various sources. Accelerate the treatment of wastewater from households and industries. Decrease wastewater at source. Manage water quality within the entire systems: reuse treated wastewater for other purposes. Encourage Local Administration Organizations to operate wastewater treatment facilities: receiving wastewater from households and cities, collecting wastewater treatment fees to cover the costs of operation and maintenance (O&M), and monitoring and evaluating the efficiency of wastewater treatment systems. National Strategy 20 years (2017 - 2037) Promote the private sector to sub-contract from the public sector for O&M in wastewater treatment systems. Amend laws and regulations under building codes regarding wastewater sources. Set permit criteria and methods of releasing wastewater into receptive ecosystems within their carrying capacity. Pollution Management Strategy and Plan (2017- 2021) Strategy 2 Increase the efficiency of waste treatment and disposal and pollution control at source. Prepare a master plan for Water saving/ reduce the volume community wastewater management wastewater Polluter Pays Principle: PPP Building Control Act Domestic Wastewater Management Beneficiary Pays Principle: BPP Cluster wastewater treatment Wastewater rate Create wastewater treatment plant Pollution Management Strategy and Plan (2017- 2021) Strategy 3 Development of pollution management system Pollution tax/ Administrative fees/ Environmental Law Development User fees project project R&D project Environmental Participation project Pollution Management Economic Measures Social Measure (Economic Instrument) (trace/ Monitoring/surveillance) Improve Environmental Law Law Enforcement Phuket Development