BEST EN Think Tank XVI: Corporate Responsibility in Tourism: Standards Practices and Policies 12-15 July 2016 ZENAT Centre for Sustainable Tourism, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development Berlin-Eberswalde BEST EN Think Tank XVI Corporate Responsibility in Tourism: Standards Practices and Policies Proceedings Editor Rachel Hay [email protected] BEST Education Network James Cook University 1 James Cook Drive Townsville QLD 4811 These proceedings are published under a Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Publisher James Cook University Townsville, Australia ISBN 978-0-9944984-6-5 To cite papers from these proceedings, please use this format. Lead author surname, Initial, second and subsequent author surname, initial.,(2016)“Title of Paper”, in R. Hay (ed.) Conference Proceedings of BEST EN Think Tank XVI. Townsville, Australia: James Cook University, page number(s) of contribution. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Building Excellence in Sustainable Tourism Education Network Think Tank i BEST EN Think Tank XVI Corporate Responsibility in Tourism: Standards Practices and Policies Organising Committee Members Chair of BEST EN Co-Chair of BEST EN Chair of Think Thank XVI Gianna Moscardo Pierre Benckendorff Wolfgang Strasdas BEST EN Secretary Think Tank XVI Secretary Rachel Hay Michelle Geigenmuller Committee Members Julia Albrecht Deborah Edwards Dagmar Lund-Durlacher Paige Viren Paolo Mura Caroline Scarles Janne Liburd Tina Roenhovde Tiller Anja Hergesell Erling Kavita Proceedings of the 16th Annual Building Excellence in Sustainable Tourism Education Network Think Tank ii BEST EN Think Tank XVI Corporate Responsibility in Tourism: Standards Practices and Policies Sponsors Proceedings of the 16th Annual Building Excellence in Sustainable Tourism Education Network Think Tank iii BEST EN Think Tank XVI Corporate Responsibility in Tourism: Standards Practices and Policies Reviewers Full papers and extended abstracts underwent double blind peer review and were edited prior to publication. BEST EN would like to thank the following reviewers: Julia N. Albrecht, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Christian Baumgartner, Naturfreunde Internationale, Vienna Pierre Benckendorff, Queensland University, Australia Mingming Cheng, University of Technology, Sydney Alexander Dingeldey, DHBW – Ravensburg, Germany Valentina Dinica, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Deborah Edwards, University of Technology Sydney, Australia Willy Engelbrecht, Independent Institute of Education, South Africa Jose-Carlos Carcia-Rosell, University of Lapland, Finland Zilmiyah Kamble, Taylors University, Malaysia Erling Kavita, Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia Dagmar Lund-Durlacher, Modul University, Vienna Kevin Mearns, University of South Africa, South Africa Gianna Moscardo, James Cook University, Australia Paolo Mura, Taylor’s University, Malaysia Jarmo Ritalahti, Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Finland Derek Robins, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom Caroline Scarles, University of Surrey, UK Christian Schott, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Pauline Sheldon, University of Hawaii, USA Ercan Sirakaya-Turk, University of South Carolina, USA Anna Spenceley, IUNC WCPAA TAPAS Group/ STAND cc, South Africa Uma Thevi Munikrishnan, Taylor’s University Malaysia Toney Thomas, Taylor’s University Malaysia Seldjan Timur, Eastern Mediterranean University, Turkey Peter Varga, Ecole hôtelière de Lausanne, France Jojo Villamin, Far Eastern University, Phillipines Paige Viren, East Carolina University, USA Ida Marie Visbech Andersen, Lillebaelt Academy, Denmark Proceedings of the 16th Annual Building Excellence in Sustainable Tourism Education Network Think Tank iv BEST EN Think Tank XVI Corporate Responsibility in Tourism: Standards Practices and Policies Preface The Environment-People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism: Finding the Balance BEST EN is an international consortium of educators committed to the development and dissemination of knowledge in the field of sustainable tourism. The organization’s annual Think Tank brings together academics and industry representatives from around the world to discuss a particular theme related to sustainable tourism in order to move research and education in this specific field forward. We are pleased to present the proceedings of the BEST Education Network (BESTEN) Think Tank XVI entitled Corporate Responsibility in Tourism – Standards Practices and Policies. The event was held in Berlin-Eberswalde, July 12-15, 2016, in conjunction with the ZENAT Centre for Sustainable Tourism, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, considered one of Germany’s greenest universities. The concept of corporate responsibility in tourism is a challenging one; it is subject to much critical debate, especially with regard to finding an appropriate balance between the different dimensions of standards, practices and policies. The proceedings present work by academics and practitioners worldwide, conducted on various aspects of corporate responsibility in tourism. They include abstracts and papers accepted by the scientific committee following a double blind peer review process. Forty-five research papers were presented at the conference. Presentations were held within the following C(S)R themed sessions: • Concepts, Aspects, Governance and Policies • Attitudes, Practices and Certification of Tourism Businesses • Sustainable Development and Stakeholder Engagement in Tourism Destinations • Communication, Education and C(S)R-related Consumer Attitudes/Behaviour The contributions were thematically selected for each group and are arranged in order of presentation in the proceedings. The full proceedings as well as the PowerPoint presentations are available on the BEST EN website www.besteducationnetwork.org/ The knowledge summarised in these proceedings is a compendium of the current information for managing CSR and will have a great influence on how we manage CSR in Tourism. The Editor and the BEST EN Executive Committee anticipate that readers of this volume will find the papers informative, thought provoking and of value to their research. Best wishes, Rachel Hay Editor Proceedings of the 16th Annual Building Excellence in Sustainable Tourism Education Network Think Tank v BEST EN Think Tank XVI Corporate Responsibility in Tourism: Standards Practices and Policies Contents Organising Committee Members............................................................................................... ii Sponsors .................................................................................................................................... iii Reviewers .................................................................................................................................. iv Preface ....................................................................................................................................... v Contents .................................................................................................................................... vi Session 1: C(S)R Concepts, Aspects, Governance and Policies ............................................ 1 Institutionalizing volunteering for Protected Areas in New Zealand: an early exploration of tourism concessionaires' perspectives Valentina Dinica ................................................................................................................. 2 Navigating Evolving Global Trends in Financial Crime: a Tourism Focus Verity Anne Greenwood .................................................................................................. 28 In Search of a New Mindset to Underpin Tourism Development Larry Dwyer & Verity Anne Greenwood .......................................................................... 32 Examining Corporate Social Responsibility in Tourism: The Sharing Economy and It’s Values and Regulation Stephen Wearing & Kevin Lyons ...................................................................................... 36 Values, Sustainability and Destination Choice Decisions of North Americans Ercan Sirakaya-Turk, Seyhmuz Baloglu & Dr. Haywantee Rumi Ramkissoon .................. 55 Influencing sustainability through engagement in policy processes - tourism businesses as policy stakeholders Valentina Dinica ............................................................................................................... 68 Challenges to attaining “Accessible Tourism for All” in German destinations as part of a CSR-oriented approach (Conceptual Paper) Andreas Kagermeier ...................................................................................................... 104 Analysing CSR Practices in Food Operations: A case study of holiday resorts in Gran Canaria and Antalya Dagmar Lund-Durlacher* & Hannes Antonschmidt^ & Klaus-Peter Fritz° .................... 119 Spirituality and corporate social responsibility in tourism: a view from lesser developed countries Alexandra Law* & Putu Indah Rahmawati^ & Terry De Lacy° ...................................... 130 eTraining for Sustainable Tourism: Investing in Skills as Part of Corporate Responsibility and CSV Initiatives Ayako Ezaki .................................................................................................................... 136 Session 2: C(S)R Attitudes, Practices and Certification of Tourism Businesses ................ 157 Reviewing 24 years of empowering communities by the