Review Copy – Not for Redistribution Tim Lewis - The Open University, UK - 23/08/2016 Online Intercultural Exchange This volume provides a state-of-the-art overview of Online Intercultural Exchange (OIE) in university education and demonstrates how educators can use OIE to address current challenges in university contexts such as internationalisation, vir- tual mobility and intercultural foreign language education. Since the 1990s, edu- cators have been using virtual interaction to bring their classes into contact with geographically distant partner classes to create opportunities for authentic com- munication, meaningful collaboration and first-hand experience of working and learning with partners from other cultural backgrounds. Online exchange projects of this nature can contribute to the development of learner autonomy, linguistic accuracy, intercultural awareness, intercultural skills and electronic literacies. OIE now has reached a stage where it is moving beyond individual class- room initiatives and is assuming a role as a major tool for internationalization, intercultural development and virtual mobility in universities around the globe. This volume reports qualitative and quantitative findings on the impact of OIE on universities in Europe and elsewhere and offers comprehensive guidance on using OIE at both pedagogical and technological levels. It provides theoreti- cally informed accounts of OIEs relevant to researchers in computer-assisted language learning (CALL), computer-mediated communication or virtual edu- cation. Finally, contributors offer a collection of practitioner-authored and practically oriented case studies for the benefit of teachers of foreign languages or in other subject areas who wish to engage in developing the digital literacy and intercultural competences of their learners. Robert O’Dowd teaches English as a foreign language (EFL) and trains teach- ers at the University of León, Spain (htttp://www.unileon.es), where he is also director of international training. He holds a PhD from the University of Essen. Key publications include Online Intercultural Exchange: A Practical Introduc- tion for Foreign Language Educators (2007) and Researching Online Foreign Language Interaction and Exchange (2012). Tim Lewis has taught languages and cultures since 1980 in London, Sheffield, and elsewhere. He is currently director of postgraduate studies in the Centre for Research in Education and Educational Technology at the Open University. Key publications include Autonomous Language Learning in Tandem (2002) and Language Learning Strategies in Independent Settings (2008). Review Copy – Not for Redistribution Tim Lewis - The Open University, UK - 23/08/2016 Routledge Studies in Language and Intercultural Communication Edited by Zhu Hua, Birkbeck College, University of London Claire Kramsch, University of California, Berkeley 1 Language and Intercultural Communication in the New Era Edited by Farzad Sharifian and Maryam Jamarani 2 Reflexivity in Language and Intercultural Education Rethinking Multilingualism and Interculturality Edited by Julie S. Byrd Clark and Fred Dervin 3 Researching Identity and Interculturality Edited by Fred Dervin and Karen Risager 4 Online Intercultural Exchange Policy, Pedagogy, Practice Edited by Robert O’Dowd and Tim Lewis Review Copy – Not for Redistribution Tim Lewis - The Open University, UK - 23/08/2016 Online Intercultural Exchange Policy, Pedagogy, Practice Edited by Robert O’Dowd and Tim Lewis Review Copy – Not for Redistribution Tim Lewis - The Open University, UK - 23/08/2016 First published 2016 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Taylor & Francis The right of the editor to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Lewis, Tim, 1951– editor. | O’Dowd, Robert, 1972– editor. Title: Online intercultural exchange : policy, pedagogy, practice / edited by Robert O’Dowd and Tim Lewis. Description: New York : Routledge, [2016] | Series: Routledge Studies in language and intercultural communication; 4 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015043997 | ISBN 9781138932876 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315678931 (ebk) Subjects: LCSH: Language and languages—Study and teaching. | Multicultural education. | Language policies. | Intercultural communication. | Language and languages—Computer-assisted instruction. Classification: LCC P53.45 .O57 2016 | DDC 418.0071—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015043997 ISBN: 978-1-138-93287-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-67893-1 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Apex CoVantage, LLC Review Copy – Not for Redistribution Tim Lewis - The Open University, UK - 23/08/2016 Contents Foreword ix Acknowledgements xiii PART I An Overview of Online Intercultural Exchange 1 Introduction to Online Intercultural Exchange and This Volume 3 TIM LEWIS AND ROBERT O’DOWD 2 Online Intercultural Exchange and Foreign Language Learning: A Systematic Review 21 TIM LEWIS AND ROBERT O’DOWD PART II Integrating Online Intercultural Exchange in University Education 3 Internationalisation and the Role of Online Intercultural Exchange 69 HANS DE WIT 4 Online Intercultural Exchange in Europe: State of the Art and Implications for the Future 83 SARAH GUTH 5 Internationalisation, the Bologna Process and Online Intercultural Exchange: Seeking Common Ground 100 MELANIE H. WILSON 6 An Overview of Online Intercultural Exchange in the Australian Context 111 VINCENZA TUDINI Review Copy – Not for Redistribution Tim Lewis - The Open University, UK - 23/08/2016 vi Contents PART III The Pedagogy of Online Intercultural Exchange 7 Virtual Group Formation and the Process of Task Design in Online Intercultural Exchanges 131 ANDREAS MÜLLER-HARTMANN AND MALGORZATA KUREK 8 Facilitated Dialogue in Online Intercultural Exchange 150 FRANCESA HELM 9 Combining Classroom-Based Learning and Online Intercultural Exchange in Blended Learning Courses 173 ELKE NISSEN 10 ‘Please Remove Your Avatar From My Personal Space’: Competences of the Telecollaboratively Efficient Person 192 MELINDA DOOLY 11 A New Approach to Assessing Online Intercultural Exchange: Soft Certification of Participant Engagement 209 MIRJAM HAUCK AND TERESA MACKINNON PART IV Online Intercultural Exchange in Practice 12 The Clavier Network 235 TERESA MACKINNON 13 The Teletandem Network 241 PAOLA LEONE AND JOÃO TELLES 14 The Cultura Exchange Programme 248 GILBERTE FURSTENBERG 15 The Cultnet Intercultural Citizenship Project 256 MICHAEL BYRAM 16 The Collaborative Online International Learning Network: Online Intercultural Exchange in the State University of New York Network of Universities 263 JON RUBIN Review Copy – Not for Redistribution Tim Lewis - The Open University, UK - 23/08/2016 Contents vii PART V The Future of Online Intercultural Exchange 17 Learning From the Past and Looking to the Future of Online Intercultural Exchange 273 ROBERT O’DOWD List of Contributors 295 Index 303 Review Copy – Not for Redistribution Tim Lewis - The Open University, UK - 23/08/2016 Review Copy – Not for Redistribution Tim Lewis - The Open University, UK - 23/08/2016 Foreword The Virtual Internationalization Turn in Language Study Online intercultural exchange (OIE hereafter, alternatively labeled virtual exchange, telecollaboration and e-tandem learning) involves instructionally mediated processes such as collaborative tasks, collective inquiry, and opportu- nities for social interaction between internationally distributed partner classes. OIE has been tremendously powerful in transforming participating language learners’ experiences from a predominate focus on ‘language’ and toward pro- cesses that makes salient the need to develop the linguistic, intercultural, and interactional capacity for creating and maintaining social relationships of sig- nificance (see in this volume Lewis & O’Dowd; Guth; Helm; Tudini). In this sense, I and the authors represented in this volume (many of whom I have had the honor of collaborating with through various projects) see OIE as a form of language-mediated social action that brings the complex reality of communicating across cultural and linguistic (as well as social class, gender and religious or spiritual) borders into direct experience. For foreign language students removed from everyday uses of their language of study, the power of OIE is that language comes alive as a resource for doing things. Subsequent to this realization, explicit instruction regarding linguistic form, pragmatic norms and genre precision can strengthen the capacity and desire for communicative action. This volume advocates for and pedagogically outlines OIE as a form of ‘vir- tual internationalization,’ a term that describes the use of OIE to