AP Psychology Ch. 8 Study Guide – Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence and Language 1. Not being able to notice that pliers could be used as a weight when tied to a string and used to swing the string toward you like a pendulum is an example of: _____________ 2. Define functional fixedness. 3. The tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past is known as ________________________. 4. Define intelligence. 5. The "g" in Spearman's g factor of intelligence stands for ______________________. 6. Know Gardner’s 9 multiple intelligences 7. Sternberg has found that _______________________ intelligence is a good predictor of success in life but has a low relationship to _______________________ intelligence. 8. What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? 9. If a test consistently produces the same score when administered to the same person under identical conditions, that test can be said to be high in ______________________. 10. Which aspects are included in the definition of intellectual disability? 11. Brush up on the nature vs. nurture debate. 12. Define language. 13. The basic units of sound are called ______________________. 14. What is syntax? 15. If someone's IQ score is in the 97th percentile, what is their IQ likely to be? 16. The tendency of young children learning language to overuse the rules of syntax is referred to as 17. Tristan, a seven-year-old male, has an IQ of 128. Tristan's mental age is ______? 18. Alfred Binet was primarily concerned with (what did his work consist of)? 19. What is fluid intelligence? 20. Hunter, a high school senior, excels at music, art, reading, problem solving, and soccer. Which of these strengths most clearly demonstrates his fluid intelligence? 21. If genetic factors play an important role in the development of intelligence as measured by an IQ test, then what would be true about family members and IQ scores? 22. What were some major contributions of Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence? 23. Jim and Tim are identical (monozygotic) twins that were reared together. Scott and Michael are fraternal (dizygotic) twins that were reared together. Given the results of heritability studies of intelligence, which of the following outcomes are most likely to emerge 24. The Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic relativity helps explain why 25. What are the basic stages in the development of language that children of virtually every culture go through? 26. A game show like Jeopardy asks players to demonstrate which type of intelligence? 27. The rules that govern the placement of words and phrases in a sentence are called 28. Mental age can best be defined as: 29. Which psychologist believed that intelligence was a collection of mental abilities? 30. Charles Spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence referred to…. 31. According to Raymond Cattell, what is the major difference between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence? 32. An architect would likely have good spatial intelligence, a gymnast or dancer would likely have good body-kinesthetic intelligence, and a psychologist would probably have good intrapersonal skills. Which psychologist would agree with this statement? 33. On a normal distribution of IQ test scores, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 points, a score of 85 places you approximately in what percentile of the population? 34. Define savant. 35. Which test is projective, requiring subjects to tell stories about photographs or drawings? 36. Alfred Binet is known as the father of intelligence mainly because of his work in: 37. What effect does environment and genetics play on intelligence? 38. A normal distribution is one in which: 39. What’s the difference between convergent and divergent thinkers? 40. You go to your new doctor’s office for the first time to meet your new doctor Sam. You are surprised that Sam is a woman. This is an example of: 41. Noam Chomsky’s language theory included the idea that: 42. What is overregularization? Provide an example. 43. When Mariah’s mother drops her off at preschool, Mariah says only one word, “Mama.” This is an example: 44. What is framing? 45. What is babbling? 46. Rules of grammar can best be defined as: 47. How can you overcome functional fixedness? .