ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Jan-Feb 2017 A Critical Review of Disease Amlapitta (Gastritis) Pramod C. Baragi, 1 Umapati C. Baragi.2 1Professor & HOD, Dept. of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, 2Reader, Dept. of Post Graduate Studies in Basic Principles, B.L.D.E.A’S, AVS, Ayurveda Mahavidhyalaya, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India. A B S T R A C T Survival of an organism on the earth is always challenged by the nature. Hunger, adverse climatic conditions, protection against wild animals and diseases are important amongst survival. Today due to modern life style and food habits most of the population are suffering from a common disease called as Gastritis. According to recent survey Gastritis is a common medical problem. Up to 10% of people, who come to a hospital emergency department with an abdominal pain, have gastritis. The incidence of gastritis in India is approximately 3 in 869 that is about 12,25,614 people suffering from gastritis out of the total 1,06,50,70,607 population. The seroprevalence studies from Delhi, Hyderabad and Mumbai have shown that by ten years of age more than 50% and by 20 years more than 80% of population is infected with gastritis. In Ayurveda this disease Gastritis is coined as Amlapitta. Here in this present paper Amlapitta disease is reviewed in detail according to Ayurvedic view and Modern view. Key words: Modern lifestyle, Gastritis, Hyperacidity, Amlapitta. INTRODUCTION The word ‘disease’ literally means lack of ease. common. According to Taber's encyclopaedic medical Historical Review dictionary, disease means “A pathological condition of To have a complete knowledge of subject, it is the body that presents a group of symptoms peculiar to it and that sets the condition apart as an abnormal necessary to trace out its historical background. For entity differencing from other normal or pathological the disease Amlapitta one has to trace out its original body states”. Amlapitta is a disease which is concepts, various developments at present stage and commonly found in almost all parts of the world. the work done on the subject by various research Peculiarities of this disease are, increased prevalence, workers. vast field of manifestation of symptoms, requires A. Vedic Kala prolonged dietetic control, if not treated in proper time, it may create major problems, relapses are very No references are found about Amlapitta in any of the four Vedas . Address for correspondence: Dr. Pramod C. Baragi B. Samhita Kala Professor & HOD, Dept. of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, B.L.D.E.A’S, AVS, Ayurveda Mahavidhyalaya, Vijayapur, Karnataka, Charak Samhita India.. E-mail: [email protected] In Charaka Samhita, Amlapitta is not mentioned as a Submission Date : 14/01/2017 Accepted Date: 28/02/2017 separate entity but the word is discussed at several Access this article online Quick Response Code places like; Website: www.jaims.in ° Pandurogo Amlapitta Cha --| (Ca.Su. 1/110) While describing the indication of Asthavidha Dugda, Amlapitta has been listed. DOI: 10.21760/jaims.v2i1.7507 ° Kulathaha Amlapitta Janakanam | (Ca. Su. 25/40) Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Jan - Feb 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 1 167 Pramod C. Baragi et.al. A Critical Review of Disease Amlapitta (Gastritis). ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Jan-Feb 2017 Kulattha has been considered as chief etiological chapter 16 th of Khilasthana . Not only vivid description factor of Amlapitta . of Amlapitta with its treatment has been mentioned ° Lavana Rasatiyogajanya Vikara | (Ca. Su. 26/43) in it, but suggestion to change the lack of peace of mind in case where medicine does not work out has The excessive use of Lavana Rasa causes Amlapitta . also given. [2] ° Viruddha Aharajanya Vikara |( Ca. Su. 26/103) Harita Samhita Amlapitta has been included in the listed of diseases rd In 24th chapter of 3 Sthana has described as a caused by Viruddhahara . separate disease and given the treatment. It has also ° Rajamaashaha ----Amlapittanut | (Ca. Su. 27/25) given special symptoms Amla Hikka (Hicough with [3] Rajamasha has the property of relieving the sour taste). Amlapitta. Sangraha Kala ° Visarpamamlapittam ----- Jitanmahavikara | (Ca. Astanga Sangraha Chi. 7/147) If Shodhana is not done in time, many diseases occur, Mahatikta Ghrita has been indicated in Amlapitta . one of which is Pramilika . Indu says Pramilika is a [4] ° Janayantyamlapittam Cha ----| (Ca. Chi. 15/47) synonym of Amlapitta. While describing Grahani Dosha pathogenesis of Astanga Hrudaya Amlapitta has been clearly mentioned. While describing Pittaja Hrudroga , Vagbhata has used [5] ° Asrug Amlapittavaivarnya----| (Ca. Chi. 12/52) the term Amlapitta . Indication of Kansaharitaki also includes Amlapitta . Madhava Nidana ° Amlakasya Vidahascha Antardaahascha | (Ca. Su. After Kashyapa , Madhava Nidana is the second text 20/14) which gives importance to Amlapitta and describes its aetiopathogenesis and symptomatology in detail The list of Paittika Natmaja Vyadi includes Amlaka , along with two clinical subtypes i.e. Urdhvaga and Dhumaka , Vidaha which are the symptoms of Adhoga Amlapitta .[6] Amlapitta. Vrinda Madhava The above references are suggestive about the occurrence of Amlapitta . A clear cut Samprapti of this Vrinda Madhava has described Amlapitta as an disease is available, Kulattha , Lavana Rasa and independent disease and also its therapy. Virudhahara were listed as the causes of Amlapitta C. Madhya Kala where as Mahatikta Ghrita and Kansaharitaki are Chakradutta prescribed for its treatment. Hence, it can be concluded that during the period of Caraka all aspects In this classic Vamana , Virechana , Basti etc. of Amlapitta disease were considered. treatments are advised for Amlapitta along with its Chikitsa Sutra .[7] Sushruta Samhita Basavarajeyam Sushruta while describing the disease caused due to excessive use of Lavana has mentioned a disease In text in the chapter of Nanatmaja disease has Amlika which is similar to Amlapitta .[1] included Amlapitta in the 24 Nanatmaja Vikaras of Pitta . Kashyapa Samhita Among the other symptoms Svarahinala Jivana and Kashyapa Samhita is the first available text where Vaka Paridaha has been attributed to Amlapitta Amlapitta has been mentioned as a separate entity in which has not been mentioned by any other texts. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Jan - Feb 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 1 168 Pramod C. Baragi et.al. A Critical Review of Disease Amlapitta (Gastritis). ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Jan-Feb 2017 Sharangadhara Samhita Definition Even though Sharangdhara has not explained about ° Amlaya Pittam Amlapittam | (Vachaspatyam) the etiopathologenesis of the Amlapitta, he has given According to Vachaspatyam , Amlapitta means Pitta the drugs and their preparatory methods and leading to sour taste. indicated it in the disease Amlapitta .[8],[9] He has also explained the therapy Niruha Basti for Amlapitta . ° Vidahyamlagunodriktam Pittam Amlapittam | (Vijayaraksita) Bhavaprakasha Vijayarakshita , commentator of Madhava Nidana The etiopathological factors have been explained defines the words as that the Pitta having Vidahi similar to that of Madhava Nidana and many quality give rise to Amla or sour taste. medicaments are given for the treatment in this text. [10] Two separate chapters on Amlapitta have ° Amlapittam Chaiti Amlagunodriktam Pittam | been devoted in this text. Upadrava and Arista are (Chakrapani) explained in this text. [11] Which means the qualities of Pitta i.e. sourness is Yogaratnakara increased leading to Amlapitta . This text has added four more Upadravas to the list of ° Amlam Amladhikam Pittam Yatra Tadamlapittam Upadravas of Amlapitta . | (Gananatha Sen) Bhaisajya Ratnavali Shri Gananath Sen in his book Sidhanta Nidana has The etiopathological factors have been explained given similar definition, as the qualities of Pitta i.e. similar to that of Madhava Nidana and many sourness is increased which leads to Amlapitta . medicaments are given for the treatment in this The above classical description of Amlapitta [12] text. Seven new mineral formulations have been emphasizes that Amlapitta is a patho-physiological added to the existing formulation starting from condition in which the Pitta gets vitiated in terms of Bhaskaramrutabhrakam to Sitamanduram . Many Vruddhi (excessiveness) and sourness of Pitta is palatable formulations have been mentioned which increased. includes Amlapittantaka Modaka ,[13] Saubhagya Synonyms Shunti Modaka ,[14] Avipattikara Churna [15] one of the Taila is Sribilva Taila .[16] In this book Narikela Khanda ° Pramilaka - As.Sa.Su.5/27 Indu. Commentary has been indicated for Amlapitta .[17] ° Pitta Visuchika - As.Sa.Su.5/27 Indu. Commentary Etymology ° Pittamlaka - Harita Amlapitta is composed of two words. ° Amlika - Su. Su. 42/9 Amla + Pitta = Amlapitta. Nidana The term Amla refers to a particular type of taste equated with the sour taste which causes excessive After careful screening and analysis of the etiological salivary secretion. Pitta is a bodily chemical substance factors of Amlapitta , they may be discussed under which is mainly responsible for the maintenance of four groups viz. the Aharaja Hetu (dietary factors), the process of digestion, transformation and Viharaja Hetu (habit factors), Manasika Hetu transmutation. (psychogenic factors) and Agantuka Hetu (miscellaneous factors). On combining both these words the term Amlapitta [18] implies to a disease or condition in which the sourness 1. Aharaja Hetu (Dietary factors): of Pitta gets increased. The first