The PHILPHILPHIL AAA APRIL - JUNE 2002 PHILVOL.PHIL 4, ISSUE NO. 12 AA JJJUDICIALUDICIAL JJOURNALOURNAL Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ESCR) The PHILPHILPHIL AAA APRIL - JUNE 2002 VOL. 4, ISSUE NO. 12 JJUDICIAL JJOURNAL ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL RIGHTS (ESCR) I. MESSAGES Realizing Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights Economic, Social and Cultural Rights from the Perspective of Hope II. LECTURES ESCR & Philippine Laws ESCR in the Courts ESCR: International & Domestic Experiences International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) Justiciability of ESCR Gender & Children Issues Right to Participation III. SYNTHESIS Highlights of the Workshop Proceedings IV. INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS AND MAJOR LEGISLATION V. CASE STUDIES iv The PHILJA Judicial Journal. The PHILJA Judicial Journal is published four times a year, every quarter, January through December, by the Research and Linkages Office of the Philippine Judicial Academy (PHILJA). The Journal contains articles and contributions of interest to members of the Judiciary, particularly judges, as well as law students and practitioners. The views expressed by the contributors do not necessarily reflect the views of either the Academy or its editorial board. SUBSCRIPTION AND SINGLE ISSUES. The current subscription rate is Php1,000.00 per year. Editorial and general offices are located at PHILJA, 3rd Floor, Centennial Building, Supreme Court Compound, Padre Faura St., Manila. Tel. No.: 552-9524 Telefax No.: 552-9526 Email: [email protected] CONTRIBUTIONS. The PHILJA Judicial Journal invites the submission of unsolicited articles. Please include author’s name and biographical information. The editorial board reserves the right to edit articles submitted for publication. Copyright © 2002 by The PHILJA Judicial Journal. All rights reserved. For more information, please visit the PHILJA website at www.philja.gov.ph. v SUPREME COURT OF THE PHILIPPINES CHIEF JUSTICE Hon. HILARIO G. DAVIDE, Jr. ASSOCIATE JUSTICES Hon. JOSUE N. BELLOSILLO Hon. REYNATO S. PUNO Hon. JOSE C. VITUG Hon. SANTIAGO M. KAPUNAN Hon. VICENTE V. MENDOZA Hon. ARTEMIO V. PANGANIBAN Hon. LEONARDO A. QUISUMBING Hon. CONSUELO YÑARES SANTIAGO Hon. ANGELINA SANDOVAL GUTIERREZ Hon. ANTONIO T. CARPIO Hon. MA. ALICIA M. AUSTRIA MARTINEZ Hon. RENATO C. CORONA COURT ADMINISTRATOR Hon. PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, Jr. DEPUTY COURT ADMINISTRATORS Hon. ZENAIDA N. ELEPAÑO Hon. JOSE P. PEREZ Hon. CHRISTOPHER O. LOCK CLERK OF COURT Attorney LUZVIMINDA D. PUNO ASST. COURT ADMINISTRATORS Attorney ANTONIO H. DUJUA Attorney ISMAEL G. KHAN, Jr. (Chief, Public Information Office) Attorney CARLOS L. DE LEON ASST. CLERK OF COURT Attorney MA. LUISA D. VILLARAMA DIVISION CLERKS OF COURT Attorney VIRGINIA A. SORIANO Attorney TOMASITA M. DRIS Attorney JULIETA Y. CARREON vi PHILIPPINE JUDICIAL ACADEMY Board of Trustees Hon. HILARIO G. DAVIDE Jr. Chief Justice Chairman Hon. JOSUE N. BELLOSILLO Senior Associate Justice, Supreme Court Vice-Chairman Members Hon. AMEURFINA A. MELENCIO HERRERA Hon. PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, Jr. Chancellor Court Administrator Hon. CANCIO C. GARCIA Hon. FRANCIS E. GARCHITORENA Acting Presiding Justice, Court of Appeals Presiding Justice, Sandiganbayan Hon. MARINO M. DE LA CRUZ, Jr. Dean ROMULO V. BORJA President, Philippine Judges Association Exec. Vice-President, Philippine Association of Law Schools Hon. ILUMINADA C. CORTES Executive Judge, Presiding Judge, MTCC, Br. 4, Baguio City Executive Officials Hon. AMEURFINA A. MELENCIO HERRERA Hon. ANTONIO M. MARTINEZ Chancellor Vice-Chancellor Hon. PRISCILA S. AGANA Executive Secretary Heads of Offices Hon. ANTONIO M. MARTINEZ Fr. RANHILIO C. AQUINO Administrative Office Academic Affairs Office Prof. SEDFREY M. CANDELARIA Hon. BERNARDO T. PONFERRADA Research and Linkages Office Judicial Reforms Office Academic Council Hon. AMEURFINA A. MELENCIO HERRERA Chair Dr. PACIFICO A. AGABIN Hon. RICARDO C. PUNO, Sr. Constitutional Law Civil Law Hon. OSCAR M. HERRERA, Sr. Hon. ROMEO J. CALLEJO, Sr. Remedial Law Criminal Law Hon. PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, Jr. Hon. HILARION L. AQUINO Court Management Ethics and Judicial Conduct Prof. ROMAN F. MABANTA, Jr. Dr. PURIFICACION V. QUISUMBING Commercial Law International and Human Rights Law Fr. RANHILIO C. AQUINO Prof. MYRNA S. FELICIANO Jurisprudence and Legal Philosophy Legal Method and Research ACA ANTONIO H. DUJUA Atty. IVAN JOHN E. UY Special Areas of Concern Court Technology vii Justice Ameurfina A. Melencio Herrera Chancellor Professor Sedfrey M. Candelaria Editor-in-Chief Editorial Advisers Dr. Pacifico A. Agabin, Constitutional Law Justice Ricardo C. Puno, Sr., Civil Law Justice Oscar M. Herrera, Sr., Remedial Law Justice Romeo J. Callejo, Sr., Criminal Law Justice Presbitero J. Velasco, Jr., Court Management Justice Hilarion L. Aquino, Ethics and Judicial Conduct Prof. Roman F. Mabanta, Jr., Commercial Law Dr. Purificacion V. Quisumbing, International and Human Rights Law Fr. Ranhilio C. Aquino, Jurisprudence and Legal Philosophy Prof. Myrna S. Feliciano, Legal Method and Research ACA Antonio H. Dujua, Special Areas of Concern Atty. Ivan John E. Uy, Court Technology Editorial Staff Copy Editing Layout and Design Melanie H. Perez Michael S. Santos Editorial Assistance Circulation Queency M. Sara Armida M. Salazar Blythe M. Lumague Printing Services Emmanuel C. Ignacio VOLUME 4 ISSUE NO. 12 APRIL - JUNE 2002 THE PHILJA JUDICIAL JOURNAL CONTENTS OFFICIALS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE PHILIPPINES .............v OFFICERS OF THE PHILIPPINE JUDICIAL ACADEMY .........................vi I. MESSAGES OPENING REMARKS: REALIZING ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Justice Ameurfina A. Melencio Herrera (ret.) ........................1 INSPIRATIONAL MESSAGE: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HOPE Chief Justice Hilario G. Davide, Jr. ...........................................6 II. LECTURES ESCR & PHILIPPINE LAWS GUARANTEES OF ESC RIGHTS IN THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION AND LAW S (INCLUDING THE FISHERIES CODE, AGRARIAN REFORM LAWS ON MINERAL AND OTHER NATURAL RESOURCES) Atty. Denise Monina F. Uy ........................................................14 CONTENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN THE PHILIPPINES RELATIVE TO ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Dr. Pacifico A. Agabin ..................................................................54 ESCR IN THE COURTS ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN THE COURTS Justice Leonardo A. Quisumbing ............................................74 ESCR: INTERNATIONAL & DOMESTIC EXPERIENCES RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS AND REMEDIES: INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCES Atty. Rene V. Sarmiento ......................................................................105 INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS (ICESCR) THE ICESCR AND THE WORK OF THE COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Prof. Virginia B. Dandan ..................................................................113 JUSTICIABILITY OF ESCR JUSTICIABILITY OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Fr. Joaquin G. Bernas, S.J. .................................................................131 CONTENTS REFLECTING ON THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICIABILITY Fr. Ranhilio C. Aquino ..............................................................151 GENDER & CHILDREN ISSUES NON-DISCRIMINATION AND PARTICIPATION: GENDER AND CHILDREN ISSUES Prof. Myrna S. Feliciano ..................................................................158 RIGHT TO PARTICIPATION THE HUMAN RIGHT TO PARTICIPATION Dr. Clarence J. Dias ...............................................................................189 III. SYNTHESIS HIGHLIGHTS OF THE W ORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS Justice Ameurfina A. Melencio Herrera (ret.) ..................201 IV. INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS AND MAJOR LEGISLATION UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS .............................213 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION ..................................223 INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS ...................................................245 CONTENTS INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS ..............................................................................262 OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS ................................................294 CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST W OMEN ...........................................300 CONVENTION AGAINST T ORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING T REATMENT OR PUNISHMENT ..........................................................................................321 CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD ..................................344 SECOND OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, AIMING AT THE ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTY ..............378 V. CASE STUDIES I. STATE OF CONSTANCIA ................................................................383 II. STATE OF GANLANDIA ...................................................................384 III. STATE OF T ERUKA ...........................................................................386 IV. STATE OF SANDOLINA ......................................................................387 V. C ITY OF MAHARLIKA .....................................................................388 VI. BARANGAY LORENZO, LAGUNA ...................................................389 VII. STATE OF BERNITA ............................................................................391