Springer Series in Materials Science 255 Annette Bussmann-Holder Hugo Keller Antonio Bianconi Editors High-Tc Copper Oxide Superconductors and Related Novel Materials Dedicated to Prof. K. A. Müller on the Occasion of his 90th Birthday Springer Series in Materials Science Volume 255 Series editors Robert Hull, Charlottesville, USA Chennupati Jagadish, Canberra, Australia Yoshiyuki Kawazoe, Sendai, Japan Richard M. Osgood, New York, USA Jürgen Parisi, Oldenburg, Germany Tae-Yeon Seong, Seoul, Korea, (Republic of) Shin-ichi Uchida, Tokyo, Japan Zhiming M. Wang, Chengdu, China The Springer Series in Materials Science covers the complete spectrum of materials physics, including fundamental principles, physical properties, materials theory and design. Recognizing the increasing importance of materials science in future device technologies, the book titles in this series reflect the state-of-the-art in understand- ing and controlling the structure and properties of all important classes of materials. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/856 Annette Bussmann-Holder • Hugo Keller • Antonio Bianconi Editors High-Tc Copper Oxide Superconductors and Related Novel Materials Dedicated to Prof. K. A. Müller on the Occasion of his 90th Birthday Editors Annette Bussmann-Holder Hugo Keller Max-Planck-Institute for Solid Physik-Institut State Research Universita¨tZürich Physik-Institut Stuttgart, Germany Zürich, Switzerland Antonio Bianconi 3RICMASS Rome, Italy ISSN 0933-033X ISSN 2196-2812 (electronic) Springer Series in Materials Science ISBN 978-3-319-52674-4 ISBN 978-3-319-52675-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52675-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017936954 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword Dear Alex, 10 years ago, we edited a book entitled “High Tc superconductors and transition metal oxides” in honor of your 80th birthday. We did not anticipate that there would be another chance to have a second edition now entitled “High Tc copper oxide superconductors and related materials” on the occasion of your 90th birthday. Again we invited friends, companions, colleagues, and former students of yours to contribute to this book and had a very positive resonance which is reflected in the new edition. Their contributions are unlimited with respect to the length and format, and we specifically welcomed them to not only submit purely scientific papers but also to commemorate personal interactions with you. Accordingly this volume comprises a broad spectrum ranging from wonderful memories to purely scientific contributions, reflecting partly your complex positive personality and your uncon- ventional comprehensive approach to science. During the last 10 years, you mentioned many times to both of us that not only the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates was decisive for your career, but that all previous work would have been sufficient for you to quit science and commemorate a positive balance of your achievements. These have been multifold and mostly related to the pioneering work on ferroelectrics, critical phenomena and phase transitions, electron paramagnetic resonance, Jahn–Teller effect, polaron physics, granular superconductivity, and many more related topics. The most famous work before cuprates is certainly related to SrTiO3 and perov- skites which is still under intensive investigation and highly cited as groundbreak- ing advancement in the field. For illustration purposes, the citation history of a single paper by you (SrTiO3: Intrinsic Quantum Paraelectric Below 4-K; KA MULLER, H. BURKARD, PHYSICAL REVIEW B 19, 3593 (1979)) on SrTiO3 is shown in Figure 1. The paper has been cited 981 times with an average citation rate 25.82 per year. v vi Foreword Since we have summarized these activities in the foreword of the previous volume, we look back here on the past ten years of your private and scientific life. Your 80th birthday was celebrated with your family and close friends on the lake of Zug in a beautiful and picturesque environment. In spite of this positive start into a new decade, the future developed differently due to various health problems which forced you to reduce your travel activities in contrast to scientific ambitions. As soon as you were able to overcome these problems and recover to full health, you accepted various invitations to international conferences from which only the highlights are mentioned below. In particular, it is important to emphasize your travel to the APS meeting in Dallas in 2011, where a special session was devoted to the 100th year discovery of superconductivity and the 25th anniversary of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates. You gave a remarkable and outstanding presentation of your viewpoint on cuprates which is in contrast to some prominent common theoretical under- standing. You did not bother to confront those with different opinions with argu- ments and your own comprehension of the physics of cuprates. This talk was well acknowledged by the audience and honored by standing ovations. You decided to withdraw from presenting further scientific talks at international events and finalize your oral contributions by giving your last talk at the M2S conference in Geneva in 2015. This conference series was initiated by Georg Bednorz and you in Interlaken in 1988 and became a famous platform in the field of superconductivity and magnetism. In Geneva, you emphasized once again in a very emphatic way your understanding of the physics of cuprates and the impor- tance of polaron physics especially supported by numerous isotope experiments initiated by you. Your talk was appreciated by the frenetic applause by the audience. During the last 10 years and keeping in mind your age of 80+, your scientific activity remained as active as in previous years and was inspired by innovative ideas and original experiments. While the focus was on cuprates, you also went Foreword vii back to your former interests in ferroelectrics. Altogether, you published more than 25 papers in this period with emphasis on polaron and bipolaron formation and essential heterogeneity in cuprates and their relation to Fermi glass systems. Jahn– Teller physics, isotope effects, and coupled s+d-wave order parameters were another focus. An important achievement for the understanding of the dynamical properties of ferroelectrics was made by reinvestigating EPR data and concluding about the phase transition mechanism. This list is not complete but demonstrates already the diverse variety of your activities. Both of us enjoyed and highly estimated your warm and thoughtful friendship and care which helped us enormously in recovering from personal problems. You adopted our difficulties as yours and tried to resolve those with us. However, and in spite of your advanced age, you also celebrated with us diverse anniversaries and contributed actively and in a dedicated manner to those. Your interests are not restricted to our persons only but extend to our families and their developments. Scientifically, you were and are a permanent and fruitful source of inspiration for novel ideas and activities which is well reflected in our current common projects. Dear Alex, We warmly congratulate you to the 90th birthday and wish you many more happy and healthy years where we can further enjoy your deep friendship and energetic strong support. viii Foreword Leute mit Mut und Charakter sind den anderen Leuten immer sehr unheimlich. Damit das Mogliche€ entsteht, muss immer wieder das Unmogliche€ versucht werden. People with courage and character are always scary to others. For the possible to arise, the impossible has to be envoked. Stuttgart, Germany Annette Bussmann-Holder 07.12.2016 Hugo Keller Contents 1 Electronic Phase Separation and Electron–Phonon Coupling in Cuprate Superconductors .............................. 1 Andreas Bill, Vladimir Hizhnyakov, and Gotz€ Seibold 2 The Search for Higher Tc in Houston ....................... 15 C.W. Chu 3 From Granular Superconductivity to High Tc ................ 29 Guy Deutscher 4 Alex and the Origin of High-Temperature Superconductivity