MINISTERO DELLE Italian agriculture POLITICHE AGRICOLE E FORESTALI in figures 2002 ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI ECONOMIA AGRARIA INEA 36 Via Barberini IN FIGURES 2002 AGRICULTURE ITALIAN 00187 Roma Italia NORTH-WEST 1 Piemonte 1 2 Valle d’Aosta 3 3 Lombardy 2 3 4 Liguria 2 1 NORTH-EAST 4 4 1 Trentino Alto Adige 2 Veneto 3 Friuli Venezia Giulia 1 3 4 Emilia Romagna 2 CENTRE 4 1 1 Tuscany 2 2 Umbria 3 3 Marche 4 4 Lazio 5 8 SOUTH & ISLANDS 6 1 Abruzzo 2 Molise 3 Campania 4 Puglia 5 Basilicata 7 6 Calabria 7 Sicily 8 Sardinia EU COUNTRIES 1 Belgium (€) 2 France (€) 3 Germany (€) € 15 4 Italy ( ) 14 5 Luxembourg (€) 6 Netherlands (€) 7 Denmark 8 Ireland (€) 9 United Kingdom 7 10 Greece (€) € 8 11 Portugal ( ) 9 12 Spain (€) 6 € 3 13 Austria ( ) 1 14 Finland (€) 5 15 Sweden 13 2 4 11 12 10 ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 1 Italian agriculture in figures 2002 MINISTRY FOR AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY POLICIES ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 2 Unless otherwise indicated, all the statistics contained in this booklet have been provided by ISTAT and INEA. For international comparisons, Eurostat figures have been used. The Italian, English and French versions of this publication may be consulted on Internet on the following website: http://www.inea.it/pubb/itaco.cfm They may be quoted providing the source is acknowledged. 2 ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 3 Italian agriculture is increasingly focus- the propensity of our agriculture for and agriculture sector, from economic ing its efforts on the quality of its prod- quality, and this is accompanied by a and legislative information to details on ucts. greater interest in food safety by con- the structure of farms. This year, fol- It is thanks to this approach that our sumers. We would also mention here lowing the publication of the latest national agri-food system is winning the figures for the tourist and recre- Agricultural Census, the chapter on the new shares of the market and is also ational services provided by farms: 2.3 structure of the farming industry pro- making inroads abroad. The particular million people used these services in vides a particularly wide spectrum of vocation of our agricultural world for 2001, confirming the public’s growing facts and figures on Italian farms. The quality production has led to some 118 interest in the agricultural world and reader will also find in the booklet, Italian products being registered by the everything it represents. together with the usual details of European Union with a protected desig- The publication of this extremely European Union measures and nation or indication of origin informative booklet on Italian agricul- schemes, greater details of national (PDO/PGI), and another 30 or so prod- ture produced by INEA in collaboration support policies for the agricultural sec- ucts are currently awaiting recognition with the Ministry for Agricultural and tor. from Brussels. But that is not all. The Forestry Policies confirms the role I therefore take this opportunity to long list of our DOC wines, representing played by the National Institute for thank INEA for this important source of some 22% of national production, and Agricultural Economics in spreading information, which is again, as always, an increasing interest in environmental information within the agricultural easy to consult, full of up-to-date facts issues confirmed, among other things, world. Now in its 14th year running, and figures and extremely useful for by the existence of over one million “Italian agriculture in figures” covers everyone operating in the agricultural hectares of organic farmland, testify to all the main issues concerning the food sector. Gianni Alemanno Minister for Agricultural and Forestry Policies 3 ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 4 ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 5 CONTENTS ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 6 LAND AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FARMING INDUSTRY Climate p. 10 Farms and Farm Land p. 54 Land and Population p. 12 Size of Farms p. 56 Use of Agricultural Land p. 57 AGRICULTURE IN THE ECONOMY Crop Farming p. 58 Livestock Farming p. 60 Gross Domestic Product p. 16 Forms of Agricultural Enterprise p. 62 Value Added p. 19 Forms of Farm Management p. 63 Employment p. 20 Farmers p. 64 Productivity p. 23 Family Labour p. 65 Days of Work by External Manpower p. 67 AGRI-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM Mechanisation and Contract Work p. 69 Inputs p. 72 Structure p. 26 Use of Computer Equipment p. 74 Intermediate Consumption p. 27 Marketing p. 75 Agricultural Credit p. 28 Investments p. 29 Land Market p. 31 ECONOMIC RESULTS ACCORDING TO THE FADN Production Levels p. 33 Prices and Costs p. 38 Incomes in 2000 p. 78 Total Output and Income from Farming p. 40 Profitability of Crops p. 81 Food Industry p. 41 Profitability of Farms in Europe p. 95 Distribution p. 44 Food Consumption p. 47 Foreign Trade p. 49 6 ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 7 AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY Environmental Policy p. 102 Market Policies p. 126 Protected Areas p. 105 Rural Development Policies p. 136 Management of Forests p. 108 Use of Chemicals p. 109 Irrigation p. 111 Organic Farming p. 112 Farm Tourism p. 115 NATIONAL AND REGIONAL POLICIES National Legislation p. 146 Regional Expenditure p. 151 PRODUCTS OF DESIGNATED ORIGIN AND REGIONAL SPECIALITIES State Aid p. 154 Designation of Origin p. 118 DOC Wines p. 124 APPENDIX Glossary p. 158 Useful Addresses and Websites p. 162 7 ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 8 8 ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 9 LAND AND POPULATION ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 10 Climate Deviations in the lowest annual temperatures compared to the norm (°C), 2001 Deviations in the highest annual temperatures compared to the norm (°C), 2001 -3.0/-2.5 1.0/1.5 0.0/0.5 -2.5/-2.0 1.5/2.0 0.5/1.0 1.0/1.5 -2.0/-1.5 2.0/2.5 1.2/2.0 -1.5/-1.0 2.5/3.0 2.0/2.5 -1.0/-0.5 3.0/3.5 2.5/3.0 -0.5/0.0 3.5/4.0 3.0/3.5 0.0/0.5 3.5/4.0 0.5/1.0 4.0/4.5 Source: UCEA. Source: UCEA. 10 ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 11 Total annual rainfall (mm), 2001 Accumulated degree-days (0°C), 2001 200/300 1000/1100 <1000 4000/4500 300/400 1100/1200 1000/1500 4500/5000 400/500 1200/1300 1500/2000 5000/5500 500/600 1300/1400 2000/2500 5500/6000 600/700 1400/1500 2500/3000 6000/6500 700/800 1500/1600 3000/3500 >6500 800/900 1600/1700 3500/4000 900/1000 Source: UCEA. Source: UCEA. 11 ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 12 Land and Population General features Type of land according to altitude (%), 2001 One of Italy’s main geographical fea- North Centre South & Islands Italy tures is the prevalence of hilly and Mountainous 46.1 27.0 28.5 35.2 mountainous terrain. Out of a total Hilly 19.0 63.8 53.2 41.6 land area of some 30 million hectares, Lowland 34.9 9.2 18.3 23.2 only 23% is made up of lowland and this figure falls to 18% in the South TOTAL (‘000 ha) 11,992 5,835 12,306 30,133 and 9% in the Centre. The first results of the 2001 Census show an average annual decrease in the resident popu- lation of 0.08% since 1991. On the Land and Population, 2001 whole, it is the larger towns which show a greater decline whereas the Total area UAA(*) Population (**) Density Labour force smaller communities show an increase of land % ‘000 inhab./km2 ‘000 units or a much smaller decrease. The km2 Census confirms a concentration of the population in lowland areas North 119,924 40.7 25,338 211 11,553 (47.5%) and hilly areas (39.4%), Centre 58,348 42.0 10,716 184 4,693 with only 13% of the population liv- South & Islands 123,057 47.9 20,252 165 7,535 ing in mountainous areas. ITALY 301,329 43.9 56,306 187 23,781 (*) Figures refer to 2000. (**) Resident population, 2001 Census, first results. 12 ita 2002/ing 18-12-2002 16:49 Pagina 13 Population/agricultural land ratios (inhabitants/100 ha of UAA), 2000 (*) Agricultural land According to a recent Eurostat survey, Belgium 735 around 7% of Italian land, or approx- imately 2.1 million hectares, is occu- Germany 482 pied by man-made settlements, hous- ing, installations, buildings, roads, Greecee 271 railways etc. Another 6%, amounting to around 1.8 million hectares, con- Spain 155 sists in bare ground (rock etc) and 3%, or 900,000 hectares, in internal Francee 1999 waterways, wetlands, glaciers etc. Italy 376 Agricultural area is decreasing pro- gressively; between the 1990 and Netherlandss 809 2000 Censuses, the amount of used agricultural area (UAA) per inhabi- Austria 239 tant dropped from 0.26 to 0.23 hectares per capita (-11.5%). There is United Kingdom 380 increasingly less UAA in other European Union countries too: EU 15 - averagee 289 according to Eurostat estimates on the use of land, UAA decreased by 8.3% EU - candidate 180 countries - average (1)) between 1990 and 2000 in the EU excluding Italy, with rates varying considerably among the Member (*) Population at 1/1/2001, European Commission estimates.