OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION No. 147 THE WORK OF WHO 1965 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR- GENERAL TO THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY AND TO THE UNITED NATIONS I The Financial Report, 1 January -31 December 1965, which constitutes a supplementtothisvolume,is published separately as Official Records No. 150. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA March 1966 The following abbreviations are used in the Official Records of the World Health Organization: ACABQ - Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions ACC - Administrative Committee on Co- ordination CIOMS - Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences ECA - Economic Commission for Africa ECAFE - Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East ECE - Economic Commission for Europe ECLA - Economic Commission for Latin America EPTA - Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization ILO - International Labour Organisation (Office) I MCO - Inter- Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization ITU - International Telecommunication Union PAHO - Pan American Health Organization PASB - Pan American Sanitary Bureau TAB - Technical Assistance Board TAC - Technical Assistance Committee UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund UNRWA - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNSCEAR - United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation WFUNA - World Federation of United Nations Associations WMO - World Meteorological Organization Q World Health Organization 1966 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless governmental agencies or learned and professional societies may reproduce data or excerpts or illustrations from them without requesting an authorization from the World Health Organization. For rights of reproduction or translation of WHO publications in toto, application should be made to the Division of Editorial and Reference Services, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.The World Health Organization welcomes such applications. PRINTED IN SWITZERLAND - II - CONTENTS Page Introduction v PART I - GENERAL REVIEW Chapter 1.Malaria Eradication 3 Progress of Malaria Eradication 3 Problem Areas 5 General Health Services and the Malaria Eradica -. Research 5 tion Programme 4 Expert Committee and other Meetings, and Publica- Training for Malaria Eradication 4 tions 6 Evaluation 5 Chapter 2.Communicable Diseases 7 Tuberculosis 7 Parasitic Diseases 22 Endemic Treponematoses and Venereal Infections 9 Bacterial Diseases 27 Veterinary Public Health 11 Leprosy 29 Virus Diseases 16 International Quarantine' 30 Smallpox Eradication 21 Chapter 3.Environmental Health 32 Community Water Supply 32 Sanitation Services and Housing 36 Wastes Disposal 33 Environmental Biology 37 Environmental Pollution 33 Vector Control 38 Chapter 4.Public Health Services 42 Public Health Administration 42 Nursing 45 National Health Planning 42 Health Education 47 Organization of Medical Care 43 Maternal and Child Health 48 Health Laboratory Services 44 Chapter 5.Health Protéction and Promotion 50 Cancer 50 Mental Health 54 Cardiovascular Diseases 51 Nutrition 55 Dental Health 52 Radiation and Isotopes 56 Human Genetics 53 Social and Occupational Health 58 Chapter 6.Education and Training 60 Medical Education . 60 Training of Auxiliary Personnel 62 Training in Preventive Medicine and Public Health61 Travel Abroad for Studies and Scientific Exchanges62 Chapter 7.Medical Research 64 Chapter 8.Health Statistics 66 International Classification of Diseases. 66 Collection and Utilization of Statistics. 67 National Committees on Vital and Health Statistics66 Statistical Analysis of Research and Technical Pro - Assistance to Governments in the Development of grammes 67 Statistical Services 66 Participation in United Nations Statistical Pro - Statistical Publications 67 grammes 68 - III - 69397 Page Chapter 9.Biology and Pharmacology 69 Pharmacology and Toxicology 69 Immunology 71 Biological Standardization 70 Pharmaceutical Preparations 73 Chapter 10.Publications and Reference Services 75 Chapter 11.Public Information 77 Chapter 12.Constitutional, Financial and Administrative Developments 79 Constitutional and Legal 79 Administration 81 The Financial Position 79 Chapter 13.Co- operation with other Organizations 83 United Nations Development Decade and other Co- operation with Individual Organizations. 85 Co- operative Action 83 Regional Intergovernmental Organizations . 86 United Nations Special Fund and the Expanded Non -governmental Organizations 87 Programme of Technical Assistance for Economic Development 85 PART II - THE REGIONS Chapter 14.African Region 91 Chapter 15.The Americas 99 Chapter 16.South -East Asia Region 112 Chapter 17.European Region 120 Chapter 18.Eastern Mediterranean Region 125 Chapter 19.Western Pacific Region 132 PART III - PROJECT LIST Projects in Operation in 1965 140 Africa 141 The Americas 150 South -East Asia 169 Europe 179 Eastern Mediterranean 190 Western Pacific 202 Inter -regional 211 - iv - ANNEXES Page 1. Members and Associate Members of the World Health Organization 221 2.Membership of the Executive Board 222 3.Organizational Meetings in 1965 223 4.Expert Advisory Panels and Committees 223 5. Scientific Group Meetings in 1965 229 6.Non -governmental Organizations in Official Relations with WHO 230 7.Regular Budget for 1965 231 8. Structure of the Headquarters Secretariat 232 9.Numbers and Distribution of the Staff 233 10.Composition of the Staff by Nationality 235 11. Status of Malaria Eradication 236 12.Fellowships awarded, by Subject of Study and by Region 237 13. WHO Collaborative Research Projects in 1965 239 14. Research Grants for Training and Exchange in 1965 by Subject and Type of Grant 240 15. WHO International and Regional Reference Centres and Institutions where they are located 241 MAP WHO Regional Offices and the Areas they serve 90 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in the Official Records of the World Health Organization do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Director -General concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. -V- INTRODUCTION URING the year 1965 the World Health Organization continued on the one hand to assist its Members to apply to their best advantage the knowledge and means already available and on the other hand to Dstimulate the search for fresh knowledge and the development of new techniques so that they might be better equipped to solve the problems confronting them. One of the best ways of ensuring that the knowledge and means at present available are put to their best use is through systematic planning. The assistance that WHO has recently been giving to many Mem- bers in drawing up national health plans provides confirmation of the importance it attaches to them. There is an increasing desire to learn more about the methodology of health planning and a growing recognition that health planning is an essential part of general economic and social development. An important conclusion which emerged from the Technical Discussions on " Health Planning", which took place during the Eighteenth World Health Assembly, relates to the nature of planning as a continuing process of vital and immediate importance to organized communities on both the local and the national level. As a corollary, planning- whether in the economic or in the health field -is a social function of concern not only to politicians and health experts at the centre but also to men and women at the local level and to the health workers in the field. It is becoming increasingly clear that current methods of formulating health plans could be much improved through operational research. Governments are anxious to see their public health staff better trained in the methodology of planning. The XVI Meeting of the Directing Council of PAHO f Seventeenth Session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Americas, for instance, requested the Director to study the advantages of establishing a Pan -American Centre for Health Planning. In any plan to establish a network of health services the most important factors are to determine the necessary categories of health personnel and to develop a suitable programme of training. Fact-finding surveys and other studies made in recent years have identified the lack of adequately trained health personnel as the greatest single reason why health levels throughout the world are not rising. No realistic health plan drawn up in Africa, for example, can ignore the fact that in 1965 there were at least fourteen countries with popula- tions far in excess of three million that had no medical school whatsoever. The creation of educational and training facilities must receive the highest priority if the emerging nations are to organize their own medical and public health services.In the developing countries, education and training of health personnel must be conceived as an integral part of the national health plan and every effort should be made to ensure the best possible use of the limited personnel available. There is no ready -made solution for all countries, since for the improvement of each system such matters