A Companion to Astrology in the Renaissance Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition A series of handbooks and reference works on the intellectual and religious life of Europe, 500–1800 Editor-in-Chief Christopher M. Bellitto (Kean University) VOLUME 49 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bcct A Companion to Astrology in the Renaissance Edited by Brendan Dooley LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 Cover illustration: Luna and her children (detail). Tübingen, Univ.Bibl., Ms. M. d. 2, fol. 272r. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to astrology in the Renaissance / edited by Brendan Dooley. pages cm. — (Brill’s companions to the Christian tradition, ISSN 1871-6377 ; VOLUME 49) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-18352-0 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-26230-0 (e-book) 1. Astrology—History. 2. Renaissance. I. Dooley, Brendan Maurice, 1953- editor of compilation. BF1676.C66 2013 133.509—dc23 2013039553 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1871-6377 ISBN 978-90-04-18352-0 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-26230-0 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing and IDC Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................... vii Note on Contributors ..................................................................................... xi Preface ................................................................................................................ xv Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Brendan Dooley 1. The Culture of Astrology from Ancient to Renaissance ............... 17 Wolfgang Hübner 2. Representation of the Skies and the Astrological Chart ............... 59 Giuseppe Bezza 3. The Return to Ptolemy ............................................................................ 87 Ornella Faracovi 4. The Theological Debate .......................................................................... 99 Graziella Federici Vescovini 5. Astrology and Society .............................................................................. 141 William Eamon 6. Astrology and Politics .............................................................................. 193 Steven Vanden Broecke 7. Astrology and Science ............................................................................. 233 Brendan Dooley 8. The New Astral Medicine ....................................................................... 267 Hiro Hirai 9. Astrology and Literature ......................................................................... 287 Eileen Reeves vi contents 10. Picturing the Stars: Astrological Imagery in the Latin West, 1100–1550 ..................................................................................................... 333 Dieter Blume 11. Reading the Peruvian Skies ................................................................... 399 Claudia Brosseder Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 429 Index ................................................................................................................... 435 LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 The four humors and elements adapted to the four triplicities of the zodiac .................................................................... 27 1.2 Zodiacal man from the Flores Albumasaris, Erhard Radolt 1488 .......................................................................................................... 28 1.3 The symmetry of the seven planets .............................................. 32 1.4 Francesco di Giorgio: Atlas, Braunschweig, Kupferkabinett 35 1.5 Joseph Justus Scaliger’s horoscope ................................................ 39 1.6 Capital of the Doge’s Palace in Venice: Mercury with Virgin (Virgo) and Twins (Gemini) ............................................................ 45 1.7 Planisphere of the Aldina from 1499 ............................................. 49 1.8 The Tychonic system ......................................................................... 57 2.1 Triple square astrological chart ...................................................... 60 2.2 Theory of aspects ................................................................................ 61 2.3 Nativity of Girolamo Cardano ......................................................... 63 5.1 The great conjunction in Pisces, portending a second deluge. Leonhard Reynmann, Practica vber die grossen und manigfeltigen Coniunction der Planeten (Nuremberg: 1524) ... 142 5.2 Frontispiece to John Melton, Astrologaster (1620) ................... 151 5.3 Girolamo Cardano’s Horoscope of Andreas Vesalius (Courtesy of the Clendening History of Medicine Library, University of Kansas Medical Center) .......................................... 158 5.4 Pages from A Perfyte Pronostycacion Perpetuall by “J.A.” (c. 1555) ................................................................................................... 165 7.1 Kepler’s Polyhedric Model ............................................................... 243 7.2 Robert Fludd’s Monochord .............................................................. 260 7.3 Robert Fludd: Microcosm and Macrocosm ................................. 262 10.1 Rome, S. Maria del Popolo, Raphael, Dome of the Chigi Chapel ......................................................................................... 334 10.2 Ferrara Palazzo Schifanoia, Sala dei Mesi, March with Aries 337 10.3 Ferrara Palazzo Schifanoia, Sala dei Mesi, April with Taurus 338 10.4 Ferrara Palazzo Schifanoia, Sala dei Mesi, Detail, First Decan of Aries ...................................................................................... 341 10.5 Ferrara Palazzo Schifanoia, Sala dei Mesi, Detail of the upper Register with Vulcan ............................................................. 344 10.6 Paris, bibl. Nat. Ms. lat. 7330, Fol. 42v, Saturn in his houses ... 349 viii list of figures 10.7 Paris, bibl. Nat. Ms. lat. 7330, Fol. 43r, Saturn in his anti-houses .......................................................................................... 350 10.8 Paris, bibl. Nat. Ms. lat. 7330, Fol. 43v, Saturn in his exaltatio ............................................................................................... 351 10.9 Paris, bibl. Nat. Ms. lat. 7330, Fol. 44r. Saturn in his deiectio .................................................................................................. 352 10.10 Paris, bibl. Nat. Ms. lat. 7330, Fol. 54v, Venus in his exaltatio ............................................................................................... 353 10.11 Paris, bibl. Nat. Ms. lat. 7330, Fol. 56r, Mercury in his houses ................................................................................................... 354 10.12 Madrid, Bibl. Nac. Cod. 19, fol.55r, Jupiter astride the eagle .............................................................................................. 356 10.13 Madrid, Bibl. Nac. Cod. 19, fol. 68r, The five planets ............. 357 10.14 München, Bayr. Staatsbibl., Clm 10268, Michael Scotus, Liber introductorius, fol. 85r, The five planets ........................ 358 10.15 Padua, Palazzo della Ragione, The Great Hall ......................... 361 10.16 Padua, Palazzo della Ragione, Mercury in the sign of Virgo 362 10.17 Chantilly, Musée Condé, Ms. 754, Fol. 2v, Mars ...................... 364 10.18 Chantilly, Musée Condé, Ms. 754, Fol. 2r, Jupiter ................... 365 10.19 Chantilly, Musée Condé, Ms. 754, Fol. 1v, Saturn ................... 366 10.20 Padua, Chiesa degli Eremitani, main chapel, Venus ............. 368 10.21 Padua, Chiesa degli Eremitani, main chapel, Rising Christ 369 10.22 Foligno, Palazzo Trinci, Sala dei Pianeti, Luna ....................... 371 10.23 Foligno, Palazzo Trinci, Sala dei Pianeti, Mars ........................ 372 10.24 Foligno, Palazzo Trinci, Sala dei Pianeti, Mercury ................. 373 10.25 Foligno, Palazzo Trinci, Sala dei Pianeti, Jupiter .................... 374 10.26 Rimini, Tempio Malatestiano, Mercury ..................................... 376 10.27 Rimini, Tempio Malatestiano, Venus ......................................... 378 10.28 Rimini, Tempio Malatestiano, Saturn ........................................ 379 10.29 Rome, Villa Farnesina, Loggia del Galatea, ceiling ................. 380 10.30 Rome, Villa Farnesina, Loggia del Galatea, ceiling, detail, Gemini (Leda and the swan) .......................................................