DOCUMENT OVERVIEW OF THE ESA JOVIAN TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE STUDIES prepared by/préparé par Alessandro Atzei, Arno Wielders, Anamarija Stankov, Peter Falkner reference/réference SCI-AP/2004/TN-085/AA issue/édition 3 revision/révision 0 date of issue/date d’édition 30/03/07 status/état Final Document type/type de document Technical Note SCI-AP a ESTEC Jovian Studies Overview Keplerlaan 1 - 2201 AZ Noordwijk - The Netherlands April_2_04_07 .doc Tel. (31) 71 5656565 - Fax (31) 71 5656040 Overview of the ESA Jovian Technology Reference Studies issue 3 revision 0 - 30/03/07 page 2 of 148 APPROVAL Title Overview of the ESA Jovian Technology Reference Studies issue 3 revision 0 titre issue revision author Alessandro Atzei, Arno Wielders, Anamarija Stankov, Peter date 30/03/07 auteur Falkner date approved by date approuvé by date Overview of the ESA Jovian Technology Reference Studies issue 3 revision 0 - 30/03/07 page 3 of 148 T ABLE O F C ONTENTS INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................................7 Technology reference Studies....................................................................................................................7 Purpose of this document...........................................................................................................................7 STUDYING THE JOVIAN SYSTEM ..........................................................................................................................9 PREVIOUS MISSIONS ............................................................................................................................................11 RADIATION ENVIRONMENT OF JUPITER: MODELS AND MEASUREMENTS.................................................13 THE JOVIAN MINISAT EXPLORER – EXPLORING EUROPA .............................................................................17 JME-1 THE SCIENTIFIC INTEREST IN EUROPA ..............................................................................19 JME-1.1 Looking for a subsurface ocean...............................................................................................................19 JME-1.2 Global topography ...................................................................................................................................20 JME-1.3 Composition of the (sub)surface..............................................................................................................20 JME-2 THE JOVIAN MINISAT EXPLORER TRS................................................................................21 JME-3 THE STRAWMAN PAYLOAD ..................................................................................................23 JME-3.1 The JEO HIPS .........................................................................................................................................24 JME-3.2 The JRS HIPS..........................................................................................................................................26 JME-3.3 Impactors .................................................................................................................................................27 JME-3.3.1 JEO Microprobe Analysis (JEOMA).......................................................................................................27 JME-3.3.2 The Europa Microprobe In-Situ Explorer (EMPIE) ................................................................................32 JME-3.3.3 General comments on impactors..............................................................................................................36 JME-4 MISSION ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................38 JME-4.1 Launch .....................................................................................................................................................38 JME-4.2 The Transfer Phase ..................................................................................................................................38 JME-4.3 The Jovian Tour.......................................................................................................................................41 JME-4.3.1 Orbit insertion and initial orbit capture ....................................................................................................42 JME-4.3.2 The JRS tour.............................................................................................................................................45 JME-4.3.3 THE JEO TOUR ......................................................................................................................................50 JME-4.4 The Operational Phase.............................................................................................................................56 JME-4.5 Europa Coverage .....................................................................................................................................57 JME-4.6 Decommissioning ....................................................................................................................................58 JME-4.7 Radiation environment and electrostatic discharge .................................................................................60 Overview of the ESA Jovian Technology Reference Studies issue 3 revision 0 - 30/03/07 page 4 of 148 JME-5 THE SPACECRAFT..................................................................................................................63 JME-5.1 The composite..........................................................................................................................................63 JME-5.2 The Jovian Europa Orbiter.......................................................................................................................64 JME-5.3 The Jupiter Relay Satellite.......................................................................................................................67 JME-5.4 Overall mass budget ................................................................................................................................70 JME-5.5 Power budgets..........................................................................................................................................71 JME-5.6 Data transfer assumptions........................................................................................................................73 JME-6 SUMMARY OF THE MAIN CHALLENGES .............................................................................74 JME-RPS: THE RADIOISOTOPE POWER SOURCE OPTION .............................................................................77 RPS-1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................78 RPS-2 THE USE OF RPS.....................................................................................................................78 RPS-3 RPS TECHNOLOGY.................................................................................................................80 RPS-3.1 Current state.............................................................................................................................................80 RPS-3.2 New generation under development ........................................................................................................80 RPS-3.3 Expectations for future RPS ....................................................................................................................81 RPS-3.4 European expertise: Ulysses ....................................................................................................................82 RPS-4 IMPACT ON TRAJECTORY.....................................................................................................84 RPS-4.1 Drivers .....................................................................................................................................................84 RPS-4.2 Risks at Earth fly-bys...............................................................................................................................84 RPS-4.3 Risk mitigation by apogee raising ...........................................................................................................85 RPS-5 IMPACT ON SPACECRAFT DESIGN......................................................................................86 RPS-5.1 Configuration...........................................................................................................................................86 RPS-5.2 Thermal....................................................................................................................................................87 RPS-5.3 JME comparative budgets........................................................................................................................89 RPS-6 SAFETY IMPACT......................................................................................................................91 RPS-7 IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN...............................................................................92 RPS-7.1 Drivers .....................................................................................................................................................92 RPS-7.2 RPS technology development..................................................................................................................92