Journal for Strategic Studies and International Relations Issue 1 6/2011 ▪ The Islamic Umma – their duties ▪ Contemporary History of some Countries in the Middle East ▪ Revolution and Freedom in the Arab World - and then? ▪ Analysis of improvement possibilities in the Middle East region ▪ Foundations of Western World – Social and Political Aspects ▪ Western World – Islamic World Relationship ▪ Basic principles in the relationship between the Muslim World and other people and cultures • Institute for Strategic 1 Studies and International Relations (ISSIR) • • Institute for Strategic Studies and International Relations (ISSIR) • • Karlsruhe/Germany – Ras Nhache/Lebanon • www.aecenar.com/institutes/issir Postal Address ISSIR Karlsruhe ISSIR Ras Nhache !# $ !"# – – Haid-und-Neu-Str.7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany !# – %&' Tel. 0049 (0)721 9658 567 Tel./Fax. 00961 (0)6 921318 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Issue 1 (English Edition) June 2011 ISSIR is a Member Institute of This Edition was in Cooperation with Editorial Board Editor: Samir Mourad, AECENAR and DIdI Authors: Samir Mourad, AECENAR and DIdI Dr. iur. Jasmin Pacic, DIdI Translators: Silvia Latifa Tertag, DIdI Moryam Heike Islam, DIdI Cover Design: Grit Amaly Hoffmann, DIdI 2 Content 1 The Islamic Umma – their duties ............................................................................................... 5 1.1 Building an Islamic society................................................................................................ 5 1.1.1 Propagation of the message .......................................................................................... 6 1.1.2 Defence of Islam.............................................................................................................. 6 1.1.3 Propagation of justice and fight against suppression................................................ 8 1.1.4 Strategical action of the Muslim leaders and scholars .............................................. 9 1.2 Today’s major tasks of the Umma – Dawa in the west, building in the east.............. 9 1.2.1 The pillars of the strength with the Umma............................................................... 10 1.2.2 The affair of the nationalism ....................................................................................... 10 2 Contemporary History of some Countries in the Middle East and what we are learning from it................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Newer History of Syria after separation from Ottoman Empire ............................... 11 2.2 Newer History of Jordan after separation from Ottoman empire ............................. 12 2.3 French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon.......................................................................... 16 2.3.1 The Arab Kingdom of Syria ........................................................................................ 17 3.4.6 The Mandate.................................................................................................................. 19 2.3.2 Post World War II status and the founding of the UN............................................ 21 2.3.3 States created during the French Mandate ............................................................... 22 3 Revolution and Freedom in the Arab World – and then? Concepts for the new Middle East in various areas........................................................................................................................... 26 3.1 Independence .................................................................................................................... 26 3.1.1 Connection between the implementing of the law of Allah, the Islamic movement and the construction of an economic-technological infrastructure ................. 26 3.1.2 Motivation: the need of the provision of concepts and the practical preparation in all areas.................................................................................................................................... 26 3.2 Economy............................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.1 General aims of the Islamic commercial law and labour legislation..................... 27 3.2.2 Principles of Islamic commercial law – Islam wants a free social market economy without interests ( riba ) ............................................................................................................... 29 3.3 Technological Growth ...................................................................................................... 31 3.3.1 Fundamentals of Technology Policy.......................................................................... 32 3.3.2 Improvement of effectiveness..................................................................................... 33 3.4 Introduction to the Islamic theory of state .................................................................... 34 4 Analysis of improvement possibilities in the Middle East region....................................... 40 4.1 Introduction to Systems Analysis in Political Science ................................................. 40 4.2 Task ..................................................................................................................................... 40 4.3 RAND Qatar based analysis of the actual situation in Lebanon, Syria and Jordan concerning social situation of the society, the school system, universities, producing industry and research .................................................................................................................... 41 4.4 The importance of stability.............................................................................................. 43 4.4.1 Analysis of inner stability in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon .............................................. 43 5 Foundations of Western World – Social and Political Aspects............................................ 45 5.1 Power and influence structures in the western system ............................................... 45 5.2 The materialist ideology is the essential component of the western society............ 45 5.3 The different kinds of the leadership ............................................................................. 45 3 5.4 Difference in the collection of human rights for own, western society and for other socities 46 6 Western World – Islamic World Relationship........................................................................ 47 6.1 Identification of research institutions /Think tanks in Germany, USA, Great Britain, France and Middle East, which handle the topic „Relationship Western World – islamic world “................................................................................................................................ 47 6.2 Identification of actors...................................................................................................... 47 6.3 Some Behaviour Patterns in Actual International Policy ............................................ 47 6.3.1 Steps to Occupation...................................................................................................... 47 6.3.2 Establishment of Relationship between the West and other non-Western conform systems......................................................................................................................... 48 7 Basic Islamic principles in the relationship between the Muslim World and other people and cultures as in our days for example the Western world ....................................................... 49 7.1 Basics of the general relationship between Muslims and others ............................... 49 7.1.1 Coexistence with that which is best and acquaintance ........................................... 49 7.1.2 The invitation to Allah................................................................................................. 50 7.1.3 The confrontation and the war is the exception....................................................... 51 7.2 Is it required that the countries of the Middle East ask Western Countries for political and military aid for their internal problems?.............................................................. 51 7.2.1 Revelation occasion for 5:51-56 .................................................................................. 51 7.2.2 Teaching contents ......................................................................................................... 52 4 1 The Islamic Umma – their duties Samir Mourad 1 Abstract Overview about the assignments of the Muslim Umma, the keeper and bearer of the message of God: Building of an Islamic Society – preservation and defence of Islam, Muslim and all oppressed people in the world – propagation of the message – propagation of justice and fight against suppression Allah the Almighty intervenes in two different manners in this world: On the one hand, directly - e.g., by earthquake, storms etc. - and on the other hand indirectly - by the Muslim community. That is the fact that Allah realizes his plan partly by the Muslim community. An analysis of the history, we can roughly divide the duties of the Muslim Umma in the following categories: • Development of civilization and in particular building an Islamic society, i.e. a society that is governed by the law of God. • Spreading the message of