The Consumption and Consequences of Alcohol and Drugs in Allen County A County Epidemiological Profile 2009 Drug & Alcohol Consortium of Allen County 532 West Jefferson Blvd Fort Wayne, IN 46802 (260) 422-8412 Fax: (260) 423-1733 [email protected] www.dacac.org The Consumption and Consequences of Alcohol and Drugs in Allen County: A County Epidemiological Profile 2009 Developed by the Research/Local Epidemiology and Outcomes Workgroup, 2009 Our Vision ∗ A community culture of invested organizations replicating their own SPF activities at the front lines ∗ All primary, secondary, and higher education to install evidence- based prevention into their curricula ∗ Serving, educating, enjoining, and facilitating targeted corporations to install evidence-based prevention and intervention programs ∗ A community intolerance of under-aged and binge drinking by youth ∗ A 50% reduction in under-aged and binge drinking by 2020 Our Mission To reduce substance use and abuse among youth and young adults in Allen County. Published by the Drug & Alcohol Consortium of Allen County 2 Allen County Strategic Prevention Framework Advisory Council Paula Hughes, Chair Deborah McMahan, M.D. Council Member, District 2 Health Commissioner Allen County Council Allen County – Fort Wayne Department of Health Dick Conklin Sharon Mejeur Executive Director Vice-President of Student Life Tobacco Free Allen County University of St. Francis Andrew Downs, PhD Wyatt Mullinax Director Commissioner, Drug-Free Indiana Mike Downs Center for Indiana Politics Indiana Criminal Justice Institute Indiana-Purdue University at Fort Wayne Honorable Thomas Felts Marty Pastura Judge President/CEO Allen County Circuit Court YMCA of Greater Fort Wayne Loren Fifer Jerry Peterson District 4 Representative, Vice-President President/CEO Indiana Beverage Commission United Way of Allen County Kenneth Fries Denise Porter-Ross Sheriff Mayor’s Northeast Area Advocate Allen County Sheriff’s Department City of Fort Wayne Honorable Frances Gull Kirk Ray Judge Chief Executive Officer Allen Superior Court St. Joseph Hospital Sister Elise Kriss Jonathan Ray President Executive Director University of St. Francis Fort Wayne Urban League Melissa Long Paul Wilson Commissioner, Drug-Free Indiana President/CEO Indiana Criminal Justice Institute Park Center George McClellan, PhD Rusty York Vice-Chancellor for Student Affairs Chief Indiana-Purdue University at Fort Wayne Fort Wayne Police Department 3 Allen County Epidemiology and Outcomes Workgroup (LEOW) Andrew Downs, PhD, Chair Timothy Miller Director Court Administrator Mike Downs Center for Indiana Politics Allen County Circuit Court Indiana Purdue University at Fort Wayne Greg Barnes Kelly Sickafoose Executive Director Northeast Region Community Consultant Youth Services Bureau Indiana Criminal Justice Institute Governor’s Commission Drug-Free Indiana Kim Churchward Paul Spoelhof Director, Criminal Division Services Manager of GIS/Special Projects Allen Superior Court City of Fort Wayne Kevin Corey Captain Kellie Turner Fort Wayne Police Department SPF-SIG Program Director Projects Drug & Alcohol Consortium of Allen County Amy DiNovo Hathaway Jeff Yoder SPF-SIG Administrative Assistant Assistant Director, Criminal Division Services Drug & Alcohol Consortium of Allen County Allen Superior Court Nancy Flennery Angie Zelt Community Planning Manager SPF-SIG Administrative Assistant United Way of Allen County Drug & Alcohol Consortium of Allen County 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 6 1. Methods & Data Source List 11 2. Description of Allen County 20 3. Community Risk & Protective Factors 24 4. Alcohol Use in Allen County: 36 Consumption Patterns and Consequences 5. Alcohol and Drug Treatment Episodes and 82 Admissions Data 6. Other Substance Use in Allen County: 85 Consumption Patterns and Consequences Marijuana, Cocaine, Methamphetamines, Amphetamines, Heroin, Prescription Drugs, LSD, Injected Drugs, Inhalants, MDMA, and GHB 7. Conclusion 131 Appendix I 132 Acronyms Appendix II 133 Local Household Telephone Survey Appendix III 144 Alcohol and Your Body Alcohol Impairment Charts Appendix IV 148 Maps Tables Figures 5 Introduction In July 2005, Indiana’s Office of the Governor received a grant from the U.S. Department of health and Human Services’ Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) as part of CSAP’s Strategic Prevention Framework State Incentive Grant (SPF-SIG) Program. The SPF-SIG grant program represents the continuation of ongoing CSAP initiatives to encourage states to engage in data-based decision-making in the area of substance abuse prevention planning and grant- making. The SPF-SIG grant was made on the heels of an earlier CSAP State Incentive Grant (SIG) which helped to lay much of the groundwork for this new initiative. A great deal of work was completed under the first SIG to assess substance abuse prevention services and develop a strategic framework to guide policymaking in this area for the 21st century. The final report summarizing the outcomes of this work, entitled Imagine Indiana Together: The Framework to Advance the Indiana Substance Abuse Prevention System, was prepared by the Governor’s Advisory Panel within the Division of Mental health and Addiction (DMHA), Indiana Family and Social Services Administration. It is available from the DMHA and the Indiana Prevention Resource Center at Indiana University Bloomington (www.prevention.indiana.edu/imagine). For the first SIG, CSAP required that the Governor form a state advisory council to oversee all of the activities related to the grant. In 2007, Governor Mitch Daniels appointed Sheriff Matt Strittmatter of Wayne County to serve as chair for the Governor’s Advisory Council (GAC) for the SPF-SIG. An additional federal requirement of the SPF-SIG initiative was that Indiana also establish a State Epidemiology and Outcomes Workgroup (SEOW) to collate and analyze available epidemiological data and report findings to the GAC in order to facilitate data-based decision-making regarding substance abuse prevention programming across the state. Twelve community agencies in eleven counties were each awarded $660,000 for the four-year period of time for alcohol, cocaine, and methamphetamine abuse, reduction, and prevention. One of the goals of this grant is to mobilize community efforts across multiple sectors for culture change and population-based impact. The Drug and Alcohol Consortium of Allen County (DAC) received a county SPF-SIG effective July 1st, 2007 to 2011. In the State Epidemiological indicators, Allen County ranked fourth in the state among the 92 counties for alcohol abuse. Our grant focuses on the reduction of alcohol abuse in Allen County with particular focus on reducing binge drinking amoung18-25 year olds. This epidemiologic report includes data from a wide variety of community sources including 6 student perception of risk surveys, law enforcement, healthcare, census, justice and general population telephone surveys. 7 Executive Review of the Findings We know that the majority of young adults who binge drink between the ages of 18 and 25 years old have a history of drinking during their earlier teen years. The majority of the data and information that we have available is based upon secondary education. From national studies and personal observations, we know that young adults and youth do not tend to drink casually. They drink for the express purpose of getting drunk. They binge drink. According to our local research and despite it being illegal, 28.7% of high school seniors report that they binge drink, 29% of the 8th graders drank alcohol in the past year, and 18.3% of 6th graders drank alcohol at some time in their life. Approximately one in every five high school seniors (18.4%) have consumed alcohol more than forty times in their lifetime One out of every ten high school seniors (11.2%) have consumed alcohol forty or more times in the past year. While 67.7% of high school seniors say that their parents would disapprove or strongly disapprove of one or two drinks occasionally, according to our telephone survey of the community, 87% of the respondents said that parents allowing drinking or providing alcohol for minors for social gatherings in their home is a problem in our community. According to the 2007 PRC Community Health Assessment sponsored by Parkview Health, in Allen County, 14.2% of the adults are binge drinkers, which represent a significant decrease from the binge drinking rate of 24.2% reported in 2003. Four percent of the total area adults report an average of two or more drinks of alcohol per day in the past month. This is similar to Indiana’s state rate of 4.2% of the population who consume two or more drinks per day. In the 2008 DAC telephone survey, more than 10% of those surveyed drank twenty or more drinks in the past thirty days and also drank five or more drinks at a sitting. The consequences from alcohol abuse are devastating to young brains that have not yet finished the developmental process which continues until age 25. Alcohol can seriously damage long- and short-term growth processes. In addition, short-term or moderate drinking impairs learning and memory far more in youth than in adults. Adolescents need only drink half as much to suffer the same negative effects. Drug- and alcohol-related arrests account for nearly half (45%) of the total arrests in Allen County. While the number of total crashes declined significantly from 2007 to 2008, the number of alcohol-related crashes slightly increased, the number of fatalities doubled,