North Pacific Research Board Project Final Report Project #643 Bering Strait Region Local and Traditional Knowledge Pilot Project Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/204262/pdf/fwma-08-01-10_s01/ by guest on 25 September 2021 A Comprehensive Subsistence Use Study of the Bering Strait Region Authors: Austin Ahmasuk, Eric W. Trigg, James S. Magdanz and Brad Robbins July 2007 Revised January 2008 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Key Words .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Study Chronology ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Bering Strait & Norton Sound Participating Villages ............................................................................................ 11 Brevig Mission ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Elim ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Gambell................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Koyuk ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/204262/pdf/fwma-08-01-10_s01/ by guest on 25 September 2021 Saint Michael .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Savoonga................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Shishmaref .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Stebbins ................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Teller ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Unalakleet ............................................................................................................................................................... 16 Wales ...................................................................................................................................................................... 17 White Mountain....................................................................................................................................................... 17 Methods ...................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Kawerak, Incorporated Natural Resources Research Policy ................................................................................. 20 Study Area ............................................................................................................................................................... 21 Sample Collection ................................................................................................................................................... 22 Survey Sample ......................................................................................................................................................... 23 Research Assistants ................................................................................................................................................. 23 Data Processing and Statistical Analysis ............................................................................................................... 23 Metadata ................................................................................................................................................................. 34 Results ......................................................................................................................................................................... 43 General notes on consideration of survey results ................................................................................................... 43 Household and Village Demographics ................................................................................................................... 43 Salmon .................................................................................................................................................................... 53 Non-salmon ............................................................................................................................................................. 66 Caribou ................................................................................................................................................................. 106 Moose .................................................................................................................................................................... 122 Other Land Mammals ........................................................................................................................................... 138 Marine Mammals .................................................................................................................................................. 175 Birds ...................................................................................................................................................................... 208 Migratory bird eggs .............................................................................................................................................. 240 Plants and Berries ................................................................................................................................................ 254 Combined Community Harvests of Resources ...................................................................................................... 289 i Combined Pounds Harvested by Household Demographics ................................................................................ 297 Village Comments and Concerns About Subsistence ............................................................................................ 301 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................. 311 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................. 313 Outreach ................................................................................................................................................................... 319 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................. 323 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................. 324 Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/204262/pdf/fwma-08-01-10_s01/ by guest on 25 September 2021 ii List of Figures FIGURE 1. BUTCHERED BEARDED SEAL, NORTON SOUND ........................................................................... 1 FIGURE 2. CUTTING DRY FISH, NORTON SOUND ............................................................................................. 2 FIGURE 3. BEARDED SEAL AND SEAL DRY MEAT, NORTON SOUND .......................................................... 3 FIGURE 4. MOOSE, KUZITRIN RIVER ................................................................................................................... 4 FIGURE 5. SUBSISTENCE MARINE MAMMAL HUNTERS, NORTON SOUND ................................................ 5 FIGURE 6. WESTERN ARCTIC CARIBOU, NULATO HILLS ............................................................................... 6 FIGURE 7. SUBSISTENCE FISHERMAN, NORTON SOUND ............................................................................... 7 FIGURE 8. BERING STRAIT REGION MAP ........................................................................................................... 9 FIGURE 9. MARINE MAMMAL HUNTERS, NORTON SOUND ......................................................................... 10 FIGURE 10. BREVIG MISSION, ARCVIEW GIS, KAWERAK ...........................................................................