Chimanimani District Climate Change Response & Watershed Management Strategy Chimanimani Rural District Council with The Chimanimani District Climate Change & Watershed Management Dialogue Platform Version of 22.05.2017 Chimanimani District Climate Change Response & Watershed Management Strategy Page 1 Foreword Climate change is a global issue of concern, seeing the shifting of known seasons, new weather patterns at various locations, changes in rainfall and temperature regimes. To put it simply, gases emitted into the air, eg. by human activities, vehicles, industrial emissions or fires, cause a blanket of gases accumulating in the atmosphere which results in global warming. Less resistant species have been heavily affected leading to their extinction. Zimbabwe has been equally affected and temperature increases and prolonged dry spells have occurred since the turn of the century. From 1900 to 2000, ‘the country’s mean annual surface temperature has warmed by 0.4 Degrees Celsius (NCCRS p. 1) and average temperature increases of above 1 Degree Celsius have been projected for the nation for the current period. Rainfall patterns have become erratic with increasing dry spells, droughts and related negative livelihood effects. In Chimanimani district this story is evidenced by increasing temperature in the once cold highlands, frequent droughts in the low veldt and changes of rainfall patterns across the whole district. Coupled with inadequate management of natural resources, especially in the crucial watershed areas, this has led to increasing stress for the rural population, declining viability of various economic sectors and severe threats to a number of plant and animal species. Chimanimani is one of the most diverse districts of Zimbabwe, endowed with still intact natural resources and skillful, peace-loving and dynamic people. Listening to stories of those who were there to witness the situation about thirty years ago, you get a feeling of the drastic changes that have taken place as a result of climate change. It is the vision of the many people and stakeholders, who were involved in drafting this policy, that Chimanimani will sustain its vibrant character and address the causes of negative effects of climate change and watershed management. The people of Chimanimani, communities, leaders, stakeholders will strive to adapt to the many challenges posed by a changing environment. Within the Chimanimani scope of action, the District has designed this Strategy to address Climate Change and Watershed Management. In June 2017, the Strategy was approved by the CC&WSM Dialogue Platform and the Policy was finally adopted by CRDC full Council. Hopefully this will make a contribution to Chimanimani District becoming more resilient: socially, economically and ecologically. Chairperson of Chimanimani Rural District Council Chairperson CC&WSM Dialogue Platform Chimanimani District Climate Change Response & Watershed Management Strategy Page 2 Acknowledgements We would like to thank all participants involved in the process of dialogue on climate change and watershed management in Chimanimani for their dedicated contributions. In particular we gratefully acknowledge the participation of the District Administrator, the C.E.O. Chimanimani Rural District Council, the D.A.O. Chimanimani, the EMA District Officer, the District Officers of the Forestry Commission, the Ministry of Women Affairs, Gender and Community Development, and the Ministry of Lands, the District Officers of the Livestock Production Department, the Department of Veterinary Services and the Department of National Parks and Wildlife. We acknowledge the active participation of Border Timbers Ltd. and the C.E.O. of the Timber Producers Federation. Civil society organisations SAFIRE, Birdlife, TSURO Trust and Chikukwa Ecological Land Use Community Trust actively participated and mobilised resources for the process. We acknowledge the research input by OXFAM (with SAFIRE), Birdlife International and Practical Action (with the TSURO Trust). We appreciate the active involvement and in particular acknowledge the participation of Chief Muusha, Chief Saurombe, Chief Chikukwa and village heads from primary watershed areas in Bvumbura, Hangani,Tiya, Gudyanga, Chayamiti and Chikukwa. We thank the many community members in Action Groups from all over the District who contributed in various ways to the formulation of this policy document. We would like to give special appreciation to the efforts of the Steering Committee comprised of AGRITEX,TSURO Trust, Border Timbers Limited, SAFIRE, CRDC, EMA and Chief Chikukwa. Chimanimani District Climate Change Response & Watershed Management Strategy Page 3 ACRONYMS AGRITEX Agricultural Technical and Extension Services CAMPFIRE Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources CARITAS Catholic International Aid and Relief Agency CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CC Climate Change CC&WSM Climate Change and Watershed Management CELUCT Chikukwa Ecological Land Use Community Trust CRDC Chimanimani Rural District Council DA District Administrator DDF District Development Fund DDP District Development Plan E.A. Environment Africa EMA Environmental Management Agency ENSURE ‘Enhancing Nutrition, Stepping Up Resilience and Enterprise’ (with World Vision) FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FC Forestry Commission GAA German Agro-Action GAM Global Acute Malnutrition HLLM Holistic Land and Livestock Management ICT Information & Communication Technology LPD Livestock Production Department MWAGCD Ministry of Women Affairs, Gender & Community Development NCCRS National Climate Change Response Strategy NGO Non-Governmental Organisation OPV Open Pollinated Varieties OVC Orphans and Vulnerable Children OXFAM International Confederation of Charitable Organisations based in UK PORET Participatory Organic Research & Extension Trust RDDC Rural District Development Committee SAFIRE Southern Alliance for Indigenous Resources SAM Severe Acute Malnutrition SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises TOR Terms Of Reference TCA Trans-frontier Conservation Area (linking Zimbabwe & Mozambique) TSURO Towards Sustainable Use of Resources Organisation UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Fund VH Village Head ZELA Zimbabwe Environmental Law Association ZFU Zimbabwe Farmers Union ZINWA Zimbabwe National Water Authority ZIMVAC Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee ZRP Zimbabwe Republic Police Chimanimani District Climate Change Response & Watershed Management Strategy Page 4 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS Aquatic life plants and animals that live or grow in water Biodiversity the variety of plant and animal life in the in a particular habitat Catchment area is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off Climate change the variation in global or regional climates over time Conservation protecting or preserving something Ecology is the interactions among organisms and their environment Ecosystem is a community of living organisms in an environment including non-living things Genotypes the part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of a cell Jeopardise put someone or something into a situation in which there is a danger Mainstreaming incorporating an issue in all proceedings, at all levels and at all stages Mitigation the action of reducing the severity or seriousness of something Participatory involving or characterized by the contribution of everyone involved Rangeland open country used for grazing or hunting animals Rehabilitation the action of restoring someone or something to a previous state Riverine situated on a river or riverbank Sacred dedicated to a religious purpose and so deserving respect Species a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding Sporadic occurring at irregular intervals or only in a few places Trans-frontier of resources that overlap boundaries Watershed an area or ridge that separates waters flowing into different directions Wetland a wetland is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally Chimanimani District Climate Change Response & Watershed Management Strategy Page 5 Executive summary The people of Chimanimani District have experienced negative effects of Climate Change and such experience has been supported by recent research in the district. The Zimbabwe Government - through its Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate – approved a National Climate Change Response Strategy that seeks to develop a climate-resilient Zimbabwe through an integrated response across all socio-economic sectors. Multi-stakeholder platforms at national, provincial and district level are among the governance structures that are to promote this vision. In Chimanimani, a process of dialogue about climate change, its effects as well as mitigation and adaptation response strategies began in 2016. The dialogue was also about watershed management, its current situation, the challenges as well as potential action towards more sustainability. A Chimanimani District Climate Change & Watershed Management Dialogue Platform was created with a Steering Committee to coordinate the process. The Committee promotes and facilitates an inclusive dialogue process concerning CC&WSMgt, involving all relevant Government departments, traditional leaders, NGOs and other civil society organisations, private sector commercial actors, rural community representatives