Volume 16 l Issue 3 l Autumn 2016 Volume 16 Volume l Issue 3 l Autumn 2016 • Psychotherapy and the DSM: What Relationship? The • Fear within the Supervisory Space • A Creative Approach to Human Bereavement Support in Groups Kaleidoscope • History, Heredity and 1916: A Jungian Perspective Irish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy Éisteach Volume 16 l Issue 3 l Autumn 2016 Contents From the Editor 3 Our Title The word Éisteach means Psychotherapy and the DSM: What Relationship? 4 ‘attentive in listening’ (Irish-English Mary Peyton Dictionary, Irish Texts Society, 1927). Therefore, ‘duine éisteach’ Fear within the Supervisory Space 7 would be ‘a person who listens Karen Gavin attentively.’ A Creative Approach to Bereavement Support in Groups 12 Disclaimer: Breffni Mc Guinness The views expressed in this publication, save where otherwise History, Heredity and 1916: A Jungian Perspective 16 indicated, are the views of Orla Crowley contributors and not necessarily the views of the Irish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. The Letter to the Editor 21 appearance of an advertisement in this publication does not Workshop Review 22 necessarily indicate approval by the Irish Association for Counselling Conference Review 23 and Psychotherapy for the product or service advertised. Book Review 24 Noticeboard 25 Next Issue: 1st December 2016 Deadline for Next Issue: 24th August 2015 Editorial Board: Scripts: Donna Bacon, Áine Egan, Mike Hackett, Cóilín Ó Braonáin (Chair), Each issue of Éisteach is planned Maureen Raymond-McKay, Antoinette Stanbridge well in advance of the publication date and some issues are themed. Design and layout: If you are interested in submitting GKDesign.ie an article for consideration, responding to the Therapist’s Co-ordinator: Dilemma or wish to contribute a Deirdre Browne. book or workshop review or Letter to the Editor, please see ‘Author’s ISSN: Guidelines’ on the IACP website, 1393-3582. www.iacp.ie. Advertising rates and deadlines: Contact the IACP for details. (Early booking essential.) Irish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy Volume 16 l Issue 3 l Autumn 2016 From the Editor: Dear Colleagues Welcome to the Autumn edition Are we lead by a client’s story, of for supporting people who are of Eisteach. One of the favoured which symptoms can be but a grieving. The power of peer support themes of WB Yeats, as a visiting small part? This article questions and the need for flexible, sensitive professor to Oxford in the 1930’s, the empiricism on which the DSM facilitation are highlighted here. when he would share words of purports to be based. The dynamic wisdom with staff and students experience of supervision is the Finally, Orla Crowley, shares with us was, ‘No work is ever wasted’. I context for Karen Gavin’s article a reflective piece which draws on took these words into my heart on naming and processing fear, the language used by the writers as a twenty-something and they when it arises, in the supervisory of the 1916 proclamation and helped frame my understanding of space. She reminds us that fear places this in the Jungian context plans thwarted, and an acceptance, is contagious and the goal is not of ‘cultural complexes’ that echo however reluctant, of hiccups along to ‘banish our fears but to tame through the generations. ‘Intense the way. The ‘work’ is in the tangent, them, to welcome them home’. All collective emotion is the hallmark the unforeseen and the unplanned. the areas touched on in Karen’s of an activated cultural complex’ article deserve further exploration. and we don’t have to look far in our All our contributors in this edition Are there other supervisors willing global village to see this process share the desire to explore the to channel their own experience, enacting. tangential, the shaky ground, the document it and share with unknown. Mary Peyton returns to readers? According to the IACP Sincere thanks to all our writers for the theme of an article by Dr. Denise website there are now over 520 sharing their learning. In closing Mullen, published in the Spring accredited supervisors in the words from the Sufi poet of the edition on the ‘marvellous book’, organisation. That’s quite a breadth 13th century, Rumi jumped out at the DSM, challenging us, from a and depth of collective wisdom; is me recently; humanistic perspective to reflect it being used? on its value in a truly therapeutic “Out beyond ideas of wrong doing, space. Is a diagnosis ‘lightly Breffni McGuiness takes us into And right doing, held’ or does it become a label the arena of group work and the There is a field, which predetermines treatment.? creative arts as an ideal medium I’ll meet you there”. Aine Egan MIACP Aine Egan is a psychotherapist and group facilitator based in Co. Wicklow www.talkingsolutons.ie Irish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy 3 Volume 16 l Issue 3 l Autumn 2016 Psychotherapy and the DSM: What Relationship? Mary Peyton first DSM was published in 1952. It contained 106 what were called ‘reactions’ which were based on a psychobiological view of mental health and contained a psychodynamic influence. Clearly articulated in the DSM was a group of disorders of psychogenic origin making up the majority of reactions contained in the manual; these were “without clearly defined physical cause or structural change in the brain.” (Sanders 2011) This was followed in 1968 by DSM-II which was similar to the first edition, with the addition of 76 disorders. Also, the word reactions was replaced by the word disorders. Abstract his article is a response to a previous article “Let’s make friends Moving on to 1980 and the Twith the DSM” published in the Spring edition of Eisteach, 2016. It arrival of DSM-III, there was a looks at the creation of the DSM, its change in direction from having a distinct shift in orientation towards psychobiological and social construct to becoming the symptom-based biological determinants. According construct of today. It takes a critical look at the methodology used in to Dr. James Davies, psychologist bringing about this current creation, the major concerns surrounding it, in University of Roehampton who and the fallout in relation to mental health that has ensued. The relevance interviewed Dr Spitzer, chairman of the DSM for psychotherapists is addressed and the question asked of DSM-III, there was a core team as to the place diagnosis holds or does not hold in the humanistic and of nine people whose task it integrative psychotherapeutic relationship. was to put the manual together. This revision added eighty new Introduction diagnoses to the DSM. It also I would like to respond to the article entitled “Let’s Make Friends with erased the psychoanalytic influence The DSM” which appeared in Eisteach Spring 2016. Perhaps it would of previous editions, and gave be useful to look at exactly what it is we are being asked to befriend. birth to the notion that there were The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) is distinctive disorders that could the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health be specifically categorised and professionals in the United States. It has expanded at a faster rate than distinguished from each other. In so any other manual in medical history. At its inception in 1952 there were doing, it diminished the significance 106 disorders described in the DSM, while the latest publication in 2013, of psychological and social factors DSM 5, contains around 370 diagnoses. in causing distress. The aim of all of this was to create a sense Creation of the DSM of an objective truth in relation to Before the DSM, there were a number of diagnostic systems, with little mental health and disease, in other consensus among the professionals in the area of mental health. The words the beginning of a specific 4 Irish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy Volume 16 l Issue 3 l Autumn 2016 manual which has unfortunately crucially, what still remains is an diagnoses, DSM-5 will take lead to the medicalisation of absence of context, with lists of psychiatry off a cliff”. troubles of the mind/body, spirit symptoms predominating. There and soul. The reality is that the was much international controversy Relevance of the DSM only disorders in the DSM with a surrounding this latest edition, While it is difficult to see what proven biological cause are the with concern expressed in relation a ‘friendship’ would offer, an organic disorders (those caused to lowering diagnostic thresholds acquaintance with the DSM has its by disease e.g. delirium, dementia, in many disorders (British uses from a number of perspectives. drug intoxication) and these are in Psychological Society 2011), to say Firstly, our clients may well have the minority. There are no biological nothing of the concern regarding its been on the receiving end of a markers for most of the disorders validity in the first place. diagnosis, and it can be helpful named in the DSM. knowing what that diagnosis means With the DSM III “There was Fallout from the DSM at least in medical circles, even very little systematic research, and The DSM has led to the when we, as psychotherapists much of the research that existed medicalisation of many people’s have a different relationship with was really a hodgepodge-scattered, inconsistent, and ambiguous. I think the majority of us recognised that think the majority of us recognised that the the amount of good, solid science I amount of good, solid science upon which we upon which we were making our were making our decisions was pretty modest.” decisions was pretty modest.” Theodore Millon, psychologist and Theodore Millon, psychologist and DSM III task force member.