Big-O Cheat Sheet In this appendix, we will list the complexities of the algorithms we implemented in this book. Data structures We have covered some of the most used data structures in this book. The following table presents the big-O notation for the insert, delete, and search operations of the data structures: Average cases Worst cases Data Structure Insert Delete Search Insert Delete Search Array/stack/queue O(1) O(1) O(n) O(1) O(1) O(n) Linked list O(1) O(1) O(n) O(1) O(1) O(n) Doubly linked list O(1) O(1) O(n) O(1) O(1) O(n) Hash table O(1) O(1) O(1) O(n) O(n) O(n) Binary search tree O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(n) O(n) O(n) Graphs In Chapter 9, Graphs, we mentioned two different ways of representing a graph regarding its adjacency. The following table presents the big-O notation for its storage size, adding a vertex and adding an edge, removing a vertex and removing an edge, and also querying a vertex: Big-O Cheat Sheet Node/edge Add Add Remove Remove Storage size Query management vertex edge vertex edge Adjacency list O (|V| + O(1) O(1) O (|V| + O(|E|) O(|V|) |E|) |E|) Adjacency O(|V|2) O(|V|2) O(1) O(|V|2) O(1) O(1) matrix Sorting algorithms In Chapter 10, Sorting and Searching Algorithms, we covered some of the most used sorting algorithms. The following table presents the big-O notation for the sorting algorithms' best, average, and worst cases: Time complexity Algorithm (applied to an array) Best cases Average cases Worst cases Bubble Sort O(n) O(n2) O(n2) Selection Sort O(n2) O(n2) O(n2) Insertion Sort O(n) O(n2) O(n2) Merge Sort O(n log(n)) O(n log(n)) O(n log(n)) Quick Sort O(n log(n)) O(n log(n)) O(n2) Searching algorithms The following table presents the big-O notation for the searching algorithms covered in this book, including the graph traversal algorithms: Algorithm Data structure Worst case Sequential search Array and linked list O(n) Binary search Sorted array and binary search tree O(log(n)) Depth-first search (DFS) Graph of |V| vertices and |E| O(|V| + |E|) edges Breadth-first search (BFS) Graph of |V| vertices and |E| O(|V| + |E|) edges [ 2 ].