vol UN/IPSlA/f-N NUMBERTHREE ' WINTER 199C - Zj of Pan Africanist Politics B-C of Black Consciousness Charterist Insiders & Outsiders Development for Democracy .Evaluating SA's Social Spending financing Debt Repayments Growth with Redistribution ME MB E R S AECI Ltd • Africa Inst of SA • African Cables • African Oxygen Ltd • Allied Technologies Ltd • Amalgamated Beverage Industries • Andrew Levy & Assocs (Pty) Ltd • Anglo American & De Beers Chairman's Fund Education Trust • Anglovaal Ltd • Anikem (Pty) Ltd • Anna Starcke Assocs • Barlow Rand Fc Chocolates • BP Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd • Carlton Pape Mines of SA • Colgate-Palmolive (Pty) Ltd • Developrr Durban Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce • EMSA • National Bank of Southern Africa Ltd • General Mining, Distillers & Vintners (Pty) Ltd • Gold Fields Foundation • • Hunt Leuchars & Hepburn • IBM SA Projects Fui Fragrances (SA) (Pty) Ltd • Impala Platinum Ltd • Johai Co Ltd • Johnson & Johnson • SC Johnson & Son • Kellogg Co ofSA (Pty) Ltd • Kluk Textile Industries • Kw • Liberty Life • Malbak Ltd • Mercedes-Benz of SA (P • Mobil Oil Foundation of SA • Nampak • The Na Corporation of SA Ltd • Netherlands Embassy • Old Mut PG Glass Holdings (Pty) Ltd • PG Wood Industries • Pr Rand Merchant Bank • Richards Bay Minerals • Rio Tint Ltd • Robertsons (Pty) Ltd • SA Clothing Industries Ltd < Foundation • Sanlam • Sappi • SA Sugar Associatioi SEIFSA • South African Breweries Ltd • Southern Life • Ltd • Stellenbosch Farmers Winery Ltd • Suncrush Limited • Sun International Ltd • TEK Corporation • Tiger Oats Ltd • The B-M Group (Pty) Ltd • The Tongaat-Hulett Group Ltd • The Urban Foundation • Toyota Marketing Co (Pty) Ltd • Unilever SA (Pty) Ltd • UNISA • USSALEP • Vaal Reef Exploration & Mining Co Ltd • Volkswagen of SA (Pty) Ltd • Wooltru Ltd ^ C,n c rs^&s LIBRARY 17 JUL 1930 Institute of Development t.tudiesj WHAT OUR COMMITMENT TO RELEVANT EDUCATION AMOUNTS TO IN BLACK AND WHITE. Last year we invested almost R100 million in various initiatives aimed at developing the nation's knowledge and skills base. A large proportion was spent on employee vocational training and development - much of it to make up for deficiencies in schooling. In addition, we continued to be involved in both formal and non- formal education projects. These are just some of them: Tertiary level • Founding donation to the Development Foundation of M L Sultan Technikon, Durban. • Funding 700 bursaries and scholarships a year and subsidising lecturer salaries as part of regular university support. • Sponsoring a chair in industrial engineering at Wits. Secondary level • Alexandra Community Education (ACE) - helping to build the town's first technical college. • Non-racial schooling - sustained support for the New Era Schools Trust (NEST) and the Leadership Education & Advancement Foundation (LEAF). Non-formal education • Support for PROTEC (Programme for Technological Careers) and the Fundikhono basic skills project. "South Africans need to be educated in ways that prepare them for entry into a single, integrated economy within which they may find gainful employment, fulfilment and security." Mike Rosholt, Chairman Barlow Rand - a vital part of South Africa's future GPBM&B GENERATION TWO in —vi he INDICATOR SOUTH AFRICA Quarterly Report and the INDICATOR SOUTH AFRICA Issue Focus series are published by the Centre for Social and Development Studies, based at the University of Natal, Durban. Opinions expressed in these publications are not necessarily those of the Editorial Committee and should not be taken to represent the policies of companies or organisations which are donor members of the Indicator Project South Africa © Copyright for all material herein is held by INDICATOR SOUTH AFRICA or individual authors, except in the case of short extracts for review or comment, which must be fully credited. © Sole copyright for all data bases rests with INDICATOR SOUTH AFRICA. Permission to republish or reproduce any part of this publication must be obtained from the publisher. Editor/Political Research Graham Howe Liaison/IR Research Myrna Berkowitz Production/Design Robert Evans Documentary Research David Jarvis, Phinda Khuzwayo, Pravin Amur Singh Secretary/Subscriptions Patricia Fismer Copy Typing Charlene Nel EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Simon Bekker, Myrna Berkowitz, Robert Evans, Graham Howe, Mike McGrath, Valerie M/pller and Lawrence Schlemmer • COVER & TEXT ILLUSTRATIONS Jeff Rankin, The Bridge • MONITOR COVERS Pravin Amar Singh • REPRODUCTION Hirt & Carter (Natal) • PRINTING Creda (Natal) • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Futurewave Technology and Brother Industries ISSN 0259-188x PRESS REVIEWS OF INDICATOR SOUTH AFRICA 'Indicator SA, the estimable quarterly report, has made a valuable contribution to the environmental debate ... a publication called Rotating the Cube: Environmental Strategies for the 1990s: Sunday Times, April 1990. 'A special ten point strategy, which includes possible selective participation in the system, is spelt out in a special publication of the authoritative Indicator SA.' The Star, March 1989. 'The first comprehensive documentation of the anti-apartheid opposition and the state's responses ... their (Indicator SA) studies indicate invaluable aids towards ending the cycle of violence.' Sunday Tribune, December 1988. 'Indicator SA has achieved an enviable reputation for skilled, in-depth research ... its impartiality and accuracy are acknowledged. Indicator occupies a unique position in the information supply in our rapidly-changing society.' The Natal Mercury, July 1988. 'Indicator SA stands by the quality of editorial analysis and in-depth data it provides of current socio-economic trends ... such independent coverage has become essential for the serious business reader in contemporary South Africa.' Finance Week, July 1988. 'The Indicator Project has again confirmed its ability to tackle major problems of the country, presenting the full scope of opinion.' The Daily News, October 1987. 'The government cannot argue with facts and Indicator SAhas a habit of producing disturbing statistics.' The Natal Mercury, May 1987. 'Indicator SA, an authoritative academic journal that attempts to come to terms with the facts behind what are otherwise emotive political issues.' Business Day, January 1987. VOI.7 NO 3 WINTER ° 1990 POLITICAL MONITOR Outside the MDM: An A-Z of Azanian Politics Gary van Staderi 7 Negotiations: The Unacceptable Compromise Barney Desai 11 Pan Africanist Visions: The Impossible Revolution? Ivan Mantzaris 13 Avoiding The Reform Trap: Black Consciousness in the 1990s Strini Moodley 17 PAC Activities & Trials, 1960-1989: Conflict Trends IPSA Research 20 Transition Politics: Playing by the New Rules Simon Bekker 22 Minority Rights & Political Justice: The Dilemmas of Settlement Lawrence Schlemmer 25 ECONOMIC MONITOR Rescheduling the Repayments: Until Debt do us Part? Carolyn Jenkins 31 The Informal Sector: Shadow Boxing Over Size Servaas van der Berg 37 Economic Outlook: Post-Apartheid Policy Mike McGrath and Merle Holden 42 RURAL & REGIONAL . The Fall of Centralism?: Popular Mobilisation for Post-Apartheid Development Catherine Cross, Frik de Beer, Peter Stewart & Linda Cornwell 47 The New Form of Evaluation Simon Bekker 53 Evaluating State Funded Projects Gavin Maasdorp 55 Evaluating NGO Projects Francie Lund 57 URBAN MONITOR Mobilisation before Organisation: The Revival of Civic Protest Jeremy Seekings 61 New Formulas: BLAs and Anti-Squatter Legislation Peter Gill 65 An Imaginary Cohort: Graduates of the 1980s Andries Lategan & Michael O'Donovan 71 INDUSTRIAL MONITOR BC After Azactu & Nactu AD Oupa Ngwenya 77 Nactu In Turmoil: The Africanist Challenge Cassandra Moodley 81 Corporate Social Responsibility: Lost Cause or Winning Strategy? Interface Africa 83 MONITOR COVERS Accompanying our special focus on extra-parliamentary groups, the charts on the five monitor covers document the structures of the PAC (Political), the Congress Defiance Campaign (Economic), Azapo (Regional), the non-Charterist Alliance (Urban) and Nactu (Industrial). The shuttle missions abroad in mid-1990 by State ideological spectrum in the transitional phase - President FW de Klerk and ANC Deputy President minority rights and negotiation groundrules. Nelson Mandela have tested foreign reactions to the new political climate inside South Africa. After • Jeremy Seekings comments on the revival of two decades of isolation, the state of the country's civic protest in the townships since late 1989 and foreign and internal affairs are reflected in a the potential linkages between community and separate tale of two tours (of many cities)! national level organisations in the restructuring of opposition politics. If a political settlement is eventually reached through negotiations, South Africa's new leaders • Oupa Ngwenya and Cassandra Moodley assess may well find themselves presenting a united front the extent of black worker support for and on future diplomatic missions. At this stage, divisions over Africanist and Black Consciousness however, both white and black politics are marked policies inside both the Nactu and Cosatu labour by dissension and disunity at home. The separate federations. tours aptly reflect the country's profound divisions. The strong majoritarian traditions in white and In this context, the current edition of Indicator SA black politics are currently reflected in the national looks at the political divisions found in the media dominance of the National Party, on the one extra-parliamentary realm. A special