Initial Environmental Examination February 2021 Cambodia: Second Urban Environmental Management in the Tonle Sap Basin Project Stueng Saen Wastewater and Drainage Subproject (Lot1) Prepared by Ministry of Public Works and Transport for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in May 2018 available on https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/cam-50102-002-iee. 1 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of March 2020) Currency unit – riel (KR) KR 1.00 = $ 0.00025 $1.00 = KR 4.000 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AH – Affected Household BOD – Biochemical Oxygen Demand CDIA – Cities Development Initiative for Asia CEMP – Construction Environmental Management Plan C-EHS – Contractor Environmental Health and Safety Officer CMAC – Cambodia Main Action Center COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand COI – Corridor of Imact CRVA – Climate Risk Vulnerability Assessment DDPP – Detailed Design and Project Preparation DMS – Detailed Measurement Survey EA – Executing Agency EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan FGD – Focus Group Discussion FS – Feasibility Study GHG – Greenhouse Gas GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism IA – Implementing Agency IEE – Initial Environmental Examination IESIA – Initial Environmental and Social Impact Assessment IRC – Inter- Ministerial Resettlement Committee IRP – Income Restoration Plan I/NES – International and National Environmental Specialists MAFF – Ministry of Agriculture, Forest, and Fishery MoE – Ministry of Environment MOWRAM – Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology MPWT – Ministry of Public Works and Transport PDoE – Provincial Department of Environment PDAFF – Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Fishery PDPWT – Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport PMC – Project Management Consultants PMC-I/NES – PIM-International and National Environment Specialists PIB – Public Information Brochure PIU – Project Implementation Unit PIU-SFP – PIU Safeguards Focal Point PMU – Project Management Unit PMU-ESO – PMU Environmental Safeguards Officer PPE – Personal Protective Equipment PPTA – Project Preparation Technical Assistance PSC – Project Steering Committee RCP – Representative Concentration Pathway RF – Resettlement Framework 2 RGC – Royal Government of Cambodia SEC – Social Economic Survey SHC – Sewer Household Connection SOP – Standard Operation Procedures SPS – Safeguards Policy Statement TS-1 – Tonle Sap Urban Environmental Improvement Project TSBR – Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve TSS – Total Suspended Solid UXO – Unexploded Ordnance WG – Working Group WHO – World Health Organization WSP – Waste Stabilization Ponds WWTP – Sewage Treatment Plant WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dBA – A-weighted Decibel km – Kilometer km2 – Square kilometer LAeq – Equivalent Continuous Level ‘A weighting’ - ‘A’-weighting = correction by factors that weight sound to correlate with the sensitivity of the human ear to sounds at different frequencies m – Meter o C – Degree Celsius PM10 – Particulate Matter 10 micrometers or less PM2.5 – Particulate Matter 2.5 micrometers or less μg/m3 – Microgram per cubic meter GLOSSARY – District Sub-divisions of the 24 provinces in Cambodia – Commune Sub-divisions of districts, referred to as Sangkats in urban areas NOTE (i) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 8 1.1. The Project .................................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Key Findings ................................................................................................................. 9 1.3. Environmental Management Plan .............................................................................. 10 1.4. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 11 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 13 2.2. Objective of IEE ........................................................................................................... 14 2.3. ADB and Domestic Environmental Due Diligence .................................................... 14 3. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................. 16 3.1. Environmental Assessment Requirements ............................................................... 16 3.2. National Environmental Policy and Legislation ........................................................ 18 3.3. International Agreements ........................................................................................... 24 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................... 25 4.1. Rationale...................................................................................................................... 25 4.2. Existing Wastewater and Drainage System .............................................................. 26 4.3. Subproject description ............................................................................................... 27 4.4. Detailed Description of Sewer and Drainage System and Pump Station Designs . 30 4.5. Detailed Description of Wastewater Treatment Plant ............................................... 35 4.6. Associated & Existing Facilities ................................................................................ 45 4.7. Climate Change ........................................................................................................... 45 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................ 46 5.1. Project Area of Influence ............................................................................................ 46 5.2. Baseline Receptor Summary ...................................................................................... 47 5.3. Geography, Geology, Topography ............................................................................ 48 5.4. Meteorology and Climate Change .............................................................................. 52 5.5. Hydrology, Surface and Ground Water ..................................................................... 54 5.6. Air Quality .................................................................................................................... 55 5.7. Noise ............................................................................................................................ 56 5.8. Natural Disasters ........................................................................................................ 57 5.9. Physical Cultural Resources ...................................................................................... 57 5.10. Special or Protected Areas ....................................................................................... 57 5.11. Ecological Resources ............................................................................................... 58 4 5.12. Socio-Economic Conditions .................................................................................... 60 6. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................. 64 6.1. Project Environmental Benefits ................................................................................. 64 6.2. Environmental Impact Screening............................................................................... 64 6.3. Impacts Associated with Project Location, Planning and Design ........................... 64 6.4. Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Construction .................... 65 6.5. Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Operation ......................... 71 7. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .......................................................................... 78 7.1. No Project Alternative ................................................................................................. 78 7.2. Wastewater Treatment Design and Technology Alternatives .................................. 78 7.3. Combined versus separate sewer system. ............................................................... 81 8. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ...................... 83 8.1. Public consultations during Project Preparation ..................................................... 83 8.2. Public Consultations during Project Implementation Pre-Construction ................. 85 8.3. Public consultation during Construction. ................................................................. 89 8.4. Public consultation during Operation ......................................................................