PAST PAleontological STatistics Version 3.20 Reference manual Øyvind Hammer Natural History Museum University of Oslo [email protected] 1999-2018 1 Contents Welcome to the PAST! ......................................................................................................................... 11 Installation ........................................................................................................................................... 12 Quick start ............................................................................................................................................ 13 How do I export graphics? ................................................................................................................ 13 How do I organize data into groups? ................................................................................................ 13 The spreadsheet and the Edit menu .................................................................................................... 14 Entering data .................................................................................................................................... 14 Selecting areas ................................................................................................................................. 14 Moving a row or a column................................................................................................................ 14 Renaming rows and columns ........................................................................................................... 15 Increasing the size of the array ........................................................................................................ 15 Cut, copy, paste ................................................................................................................................ 15 Remove ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Row colors and symbols ................................................................................................................... 15 Selecting data types for columns, and specifying groups ................................................................. 15 Remove uninformative rows/columns ............................................................................................. 16 Transpose ......................................................................................................................................... 16 Grouped columns to multivar .......................................................................................................... 16 Grouped rows to multivar ................................................................................................................ 17 Observations to contingency table ................................................................................................... 17 Stack grouped rows into columns .................................................................................................... 17 Value pairs to matrix ........................................................................................................................ 17 Samples to events (UA to RASC) ....................................................................................................... 17 Events to samples (RASC to UA) ....................................................................................................... 17 Loading and saving data ................................................................................................................... 18 2 Importing data from Excel ................................................................................................................ 18 Reading and writing Nexus files ....................................................................................................... 19 Counter ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Transform menu ................................................................................................................................... 20 Logarithm ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Subtract mean .................................................................................................................................. 20 Remove trend ................................................................................................................................... 20 Row percentage ............................................................................................................................... 20 Row normalize length....................................................................................................................... 20 Box-Cox ............................................................................................................................................ 20 Remove size from distances ............................................................................................................. 21 Landmarks, Procrustes fitting ........................................................................................................... 21 Landmarks, Bookstein fitting ............................................................................................................ 22 Project to tangent space NOT YET IN PAST 3 .................................................................................... 22 Remove size from landmarks NOT YET IN PAST 3............................................................................. 23 Transform landmarks ....................................................................................................................... 23 Regular interpolation ....................................................................................................................... 23 Evaluate expression .......................................................................................................................... 23 Plot menu ............................................................................................................................................. 25 Graph ............................................................................................................................................... 25 XY graph ........................................................................................................................................... 26 XY graph with error bars................................................................................................................... 27 Histogram ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Bar chart/box plot ............................................................................................................................ 29 Pie chart ........................................................................................................................................... 30 Stacked chart .................................................................................................................................... 31 Percentiles ........................................................................................................................................ 32 3 Normal probability plot .................................................................................................................... 33 Ternary ............................................................................................................................................. 34 Bubble plot ....................................................................................................................................... 35 Matrix plot........................................................................................................................................ 36 Mosaic plot ....................................................................................................................................... 37 3D scatter/bubble/line plot .............................................................................................................. 38 3D surface plot ................................................................................................................................. 39 3D parametric surface plot ............................................................................................................... 40 Statistics menu ..................................................................................................................................... 41 Univariate ......................................................................................................................................... 41 One-sample tests ............................................................................................................................. 44 One-sample t test for given mean 0 (parametric) ...................................................................... 44 One-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test for given median M (nonparametric) ............................. 45 Single-case tests 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