1111 2 Contagion 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 In the age of HIV, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the Ebola virus and BSE, 4 the metaphors and experience of contagion are a central concern of govern- 5 ment, biomedicine and popular culture. 6 Contagion explores cultural responses to infectious diseases and their 7 biomedical management over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It 8 also investigates the use of ‘contagion’ as a concept in postmodern re- 9 thinking of embodied subjectivity. 20111 These essays are written from within the fields of cultural studies, 1 biomedical history and critical sociology. The contributors examine 2 the geographies, policies and identities which have been produced in the 3 massive social effort to contain diseases. They explore both social responses 4 to infectious diseases in the past, and contemporary theoretical and biomed- 5 ical sites for the study of contagion. 6 7 Alison Bashford is Chair of the Department of Gender Studies at the 8 University of Sydney. She writes on the cultural history of medicine in 9 the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In 1998 she published Purity and 30111 Pollution: Gender, Embodiment and Victorian Medicine (St Martin’s Press/ 1 Macmillan) and is currently completing Public Health and the Imagining of 2 Australia, 1880–1940. 3 4 Claire Hooker is a research associate with the History and Material 5 Culture of Public Health in Australia Project, Department of Gender 6 Studies, University of Sydney, in collaboration with the Powerhouse 7 Museum, Sydney. Her book Not a Job in the Ordinary Sense: Women and Science 8 in Australia is forthcoming (Melbourne University Press). 9 40111 1 2 3 4 45111 1111 Routledge studies in the social history of medicine 2 Edited by Bernard Harris 3 Department of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Southampton, UK 4 5 The Society for the Social History of Medicine was founded in 1969, and exists 6 to promote research into all aspects of the field, without regard to limitations of 7 either time or place. In addition to this book series, the Society also organises a 8 regular programme of conferences, and publishes an internationally recognised 9 journal, Social History of Medicine. The Society offers a range of benefits, including 1011 reduced-price admission to conferences and discounts on SSHM books, to its 1 members. Individuals wishing to learn more about the Society are invited to 2 contact the series editor through the publisher. The Society took the decision to launch ‘Studies in the social history of medi- 3111 cine’, in association with Routledge, in 1989, in order to provide an outlet for 4 some of the latest research in the field. Since that time, the series has expanded 5 significantly under a number of series editors, and now includes both edited collec- 6 tions and monographs. Individuals wishing to submit proposals are invited to 7 contact the series editor in the first instance. 8 9 1 Nutrition in Britain 8 Race, Science and Medicine, 20111 Science, scientists and politics in the 1700–1960 1 twentieth century Edited by Waltraud Ernst and Bernard Harris 2 Edited by David F. Smith 9 Insanity, Institutions and Society, 3 2 Migrants, Minorities and Health 1800–1914 4 Historical and contemporary studies Edited by Bill Forsythe and Joseph Melling 5 Edited by Lara Marks and Michael Worboys 10 Food, Science, Policy and 6 Regulation in the Twentieth 3 From Idiocy to Mental Deficiency Century 7 Historical perspectives on people with International and comparative 8 learning disabilities perspectives 9 Edited by David Wright and Anne Digby Edited by David F. Smith and Jim Phillips 30111 4 Midwives, Society and Childbirth 11 Sex, Sin and Suffering 1 Debates and controversies in the modern Venereal diseases and European society 2 period since 1870 3 Edited by Hilary Marland and Edited by Roger Davidson and Lesley A. Hall 4 Anne Marie Rafferty 12 The Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918 5 Illness and Healing Alternatives in New perspectives 5 Edited by Howard Phillips and David Western Europe 6 Killingray Edited by Marijke Gijswit-Hofstra, Hilary 7 Marland and Hans de Waardt 13 Plural Medicine 8 Waltraud Ernst 6 Health Care and Poor Relief in 14 Innovation in Twentieth-Century 9 Protestant Europe, 1500–1700 Medicine and Health 40111 Edited by Ole Peter Grell and Andrew 1 Diffusion and resistance in international Cunningham perspective 2 7 The Locus of Care Jenny Stanton 3 Families, communities, institutions and 15 Contagion 4 provision of welfare since antiquity Historical and cultural studies 45111 Edited by Peregrine Horden and Richard Smith Edited by Alison Bashford and Claire Hooker 1111 2 Contagion 3 4 Historical and cultural studies 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Edited by Alison Bashford 4 5 and Claire Hooker 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TL E D U G 40111 O E R 1 • • T 2 a p y u lo ro 3 r G & Francis 4 45111 London and New York 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 First published 2001 by Routledge 1011 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE 1 Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 2 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 3111 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group 4 5 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. 6 © 2001 Editorial material and selection, Alison Bashford and 7 Claire Hooker, individual chapters, the authors 8 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted 9 or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, 20111 mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, 1 including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing 2 from the publishers. 3 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 4 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 5 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 6 Contagion: historical and cultural studies / edited by Alison 7 Bashford and Claire Hooker. p. cm. 8 Includes bibliographical references and index. 9 1. Communicable diseases—Social aspects. 2. Communicable 30111 diseases—History—19th century. 3. Communicable diseases —History—20th century. 4. Social medicine. I. Bashford, 1 Alison, 1963– . II. Hooker, Claire, 1971– 2 [DNLM: 1. Communicable diseases—Essays. 2. Culture— 3 Essays. 3. History of Medicine, 19th Cent.—Essays. 4. History of Medicine, 20th Cent.—Essays. 5. Infection—Essays. 4 6. Public Health—History—Essays. WC 9 C759 2001] 5 RA634.C715 2001 6 616.9′09–dc21 00–065338 7 ISBN 0–415–24671–7 (Print Edition) 8 ISBN 0-203-45308-5 Master e-book ISBN 9 40111 1 ISBN 0-203-76132-4 (Adobe eReader Format) 2 3 4 45111 1111 2 Contents 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 List of illustrations vii 4 List of contributors viii 5 Acknowledgements xi 6 Abbreviations xiii 7 8 Introduction: contagion, modernity and 9 postmodernity 1 20111 1 ALISON BASHFORD AND CLAIRE HOOKER 2 PART 1 3 Contagion and cultural histories of the modern 4 world 5 6 1 The meaning of contagion: reproduction, 7 medicine and metaphor 15 8 9 MARGARET PELLING 30111 2 Foreign bodies: vaccination, contagion and 1 colonialism in the nineteenth century 39 2 3 ALISON BASHFORD 4 3 Moral contagion and the will: the crisis of 5 masculinity in fin-de-siècle France 61 6 7 CHRISTOPHER E. FORTH 8 4 Excremental colonialism: public health and the 9 poetics of pollution 76 40111 1 WARWICK ANDERSON 2 5 Leprosy and the management of race, sexuality 3 and nation in tropical Australia 106 4 45111 ALISON BASHFORD AND MARIA NUGENT vi Contents 1111 6 Sanitary failure and risk: pasteurisation, 2 immunisation and the logics of prevention 129 3 CLAIRE HOOKER 4 5 PART 2 6 Contaminating capacities in postmodernity 7 8 7 Vulnerable bodies and ontological contamination 153 9 1011 MARGRIT SHILDRICK 1 8 A pig’s tale: porcine viruses and species 2 boundaries 168 3111 4 MARSHA ROSENGARTEN 5 9 Taking the HIV test: self-surveillance and the 6 making of heterosexuality 183 7 8 LISA ADKINS 9 10 The promiscuous placenta: crossing over 201 20111 1 JANE-MAREE MAHER 2 11 Carrier – becoming symborg 217 3 4 MELINDA RACKHAM 5 6 Select bibliography 227 7 Index 232 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 4 45111 1111 2 Illustrations 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Figures 4 Figure 2.1 ‘Start Planning Your Overseas Trip Here’. Courtesy, 5 SmithKline Beecham Biologicals. 47 6 Figure 2.2 From J. Ashburton Thompson, A Report to the President of the 7 Board of Health: containing photographs of a person suffering from 8 variola discreta, and accounts of the case, Sydney, Government Printer, 1886. Copy in author’s possession. 49 9 Figure 7.1 Karl Grimes, Still Life, 1997, chromogenic print, 72 × 48 in. 20111 Courtesy of the artist and Gallery of Photography, Dublin. 154 1 2 3 Table 4 5 Table 5.1 Nationality of recorded cases of leprosy in Australia 6 Source: J. H. L. Cumpston, ‘Health and Disease in Australia: A History’, unpublished typescript, vol. 1, 7 1928, p. 318. Courtesy, Burkitt–Ford Library, 8 University of Sydney. 111 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 4 45111 1111 2 Contributors 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Lisa Adkins is a Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Manchester.