University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School January 2013 The iomechB anics of the Tendu in Closing to the Traditional Position, Pli#233; and Relev#233; Nyssa Catherine Masters University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Engineering Commons Scholar Commons Citation Masters, Nyssa Catherine, "The iomeB chanics of the Tendu in Closing to the Traditional Position, Pli#233; and Relev#233;" (2013). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4825 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Biomechanics of the Tendu in Closing to the Traditional Position, Plié and Relevé by Nyssa Catherine Masters A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of South Florida Major Professor: Rajiv Dubey, Ph.D. Stephanie Carey, Ph.D. Merry Lynn Morris, M.F.A. Date of Approval: November 7, 2013 Keywords: Dance, Motion Analysis, Knee Abduction, Knee Adduction, Knee Rotation Copyright © 2013, Nyssa Catherine Masters DEDICATION This is dedicated to my parents, Michael and Margaret, who have supported me and encouraged me to reach my goals. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ iii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Problem Statement ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the Thesis ............................................................................................... 1 1.3 Background .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3.1 Dance Background ........................................................................................ 3 1.3.2 Angles of the Knee...................................................................................... 10 1.4 Prior Research ............................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 2: METHODS ........................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Population .................................................................................................................. 16 2.2 Procedure ................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.1 Marker Set ................................................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Calibrating VICON ..................................................................................... 22 2.2.3 Marker Set in VICON ................................................................................. 22 2.2.4 Adding a New Subject ................................................................................ 24 2.2.5 Capturing the Data ...................................................................................... 25 2.2.6 Data Collection Checklist ........................................................................... 25 2.2.7 Post Processing ........................................................................................... 27 2.3 The Model .................................................................................................................. 28 2.3.1 Inputting Motion Files ................................................................................ 31 2.3.2 Kinematic Model Calculations ................................................................... 31 2.3.3 Splitting the Trials....................................................................................... 33 2.3.4 Reporting the Data ...................................................................................... 34 2.4 Statistics ..................................................................................................................... 35 2.5 Anecdotal Data........................................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS ............................................................................................................. 38 3.1 First Position .............................................................................................................. 38 3.1.1 First Position Right Knee ............................................................................ 38 3.1.2 First Position Left Knee .............................................................................. 45 3.2 Third Position............................................................................................................. 52 3.2.1 Third Position Right Knee .......................................................................... 52 3.2.2 Third Position Left Knee ............................................................................ 58 i 3.3 Fifth Position .............................................................................................................. 65 3.3.1 Fifth Position Right Knee ........................................................................... 65 3.3.2 Fifth Position Left Knee.............................................................................. 71 CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 78 4.1 First Position .............................................................................................................. 78 4.1.1 Right Knee .................................................................................................. 78 4.1.2 Left Knee .................................................................................................... 84 4.2 Third Position............................................................................................................. 88 4.2.1 Right Knee .................................................................................................. 88 4.2.2 Left Knee .................................................................................................... 93 4.3 Fifth Position .............................................................................................................. 97 4.3.1 Right Knee .................................................................................................. 98 4.3.2 Left Knee .................................................................................................. 103 4.4 Comparisons of the Closings ................................................................................... 106 4.5 Observations ............................................................................................................ 109 4.6 Limitations ............................................................................................................... 111 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 113 5.1 Future Work ............................................................................................................. 115 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 117 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................... 119 Appendix A: Pipeline Code From Visual 3D ................................................................ 120 Appendix B: Data Collection Sheet .............................................................................. 126 Appendix C: Matlab Code ............................................................................................. 128 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Dance Subject Information ............................................................................................. 17 Table 2: Marker Set for Dance Study ........................................................................................... 20 Table 3: First Position Right Knee Flexion/Extension ................................................................. 38 Table 4: First Position Right Knee Abduction .............................................................................. 40 Table 5: First Position Right Knee Rotation ................................................................................. 42 Table 6: First Position Left Knee Flexion..................................................................................... 45 Table 7: First Position Left Knee Abduction ................................................................................ 47 Table 8: First Position Left Knee Rotation