LEGAL REPORT ON THE DRAFT BECHE-DE-MER FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN PART A. KEY ISSUES TO SUPPORT EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DRAFT BDM MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................................................................... 4 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 4 2. SUMMARY OF KEY ISSUES ................................................................................................... 6 3. IDENTIFICATION AND DISCUSSION OF KEY ISSUES ......................................................... 9 Stakeholder representation ................................................................................................... 9 Joint Management of the BDM Fishery ............................................................................... 11 Provincial and Local-level Management ............................................................................. 12 Community-based Fishery Management and Joint Management as set out in the BDM Management Plan ........................................................................................................................ 18 Customary Rights and Resource Management .................................................................. 20 BDM Fishery Management ................................................................................................. 21 An Ecosystem Approach to Managing the BDM Fishery .................................................... 23 Monitoring and Enforcement ............................................................................................... 24 The Court System ............................................................................................................... 27 4. THE DRAFT ROADMAP FOR COASTAL AND MARINE AQUACULTURE FOR PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 2016-2026 .............................................................................................................. 29 PART B. INTRODUCTION TO THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING BECHE-DE-MER FISHERIES IN PNG ............................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. OVERVIEW OF THE PNG LEGAL SYSTEM ........................................................................... 1 Sources and hierarchy of laws .............................................................................................. 1 2.1.1 The Constitution and Organic Laws ............................................................................. 2 2.1.2 The Underlying Law ...................................................................................................... 2 2.1.3 Customary Law ............................................................................................................. 3 Structure and levels of government ...................................................................................... 3 The Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-level Governments 1998 .............. 4 2.3.1 Establishment and form of Provincial Governments ..................................................... 4 2.3.2 Establishment and form of LLGs .................................................................................. 4 2.3.3 Law-making powers of National, Provincial and Local-level Governments .................. 5 2.3.4 Administrative systems of Provincial Governments and LLGs ..................................... 6 The Judicial System .............................................................................................................. 7 2.4.1 The Supreme Court ...................................................................................................... 7 2.4.2 The National Court ....................................................................................................... 8 2.4.3 District Courts ............................................................................................................... 8 2.4.4 Village Courts ............................................................................................................... 9 2.4.5 Application of customary law by the courts ................................................................ 11 3. FISHERIES LAW .................................................................................................................... 12 The Fisheries Management Act 1998 (as amended) .......................................................... 12 3.1.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.2 Statutory objectives and decision making principles .................................................. 13 3.1.3 National Fisheries Authority (NFA) ............................................................................. 14 3.1.4 National Fisheries Board ............................................................................................ 15 3.1.5 Fishery Management Plans ........................................................................................ 15 3.1.6 Regulatory arrangements ........................................................................................... 16 Fisheries Management Regulation 2000 ............................................................................ 22 3.2.1 Provincial Governments and LLGs ............................................................................. 22 3.2.2 Monitoring, control and surveillance ........................................................................... 22 4. PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL-LEVEL MARINE PROTECTION LAWS .................................... 22 Provincial law on marine protection .................................................................................... 23 Local-level laws on marine protection of the local environment .......................................... 24 4.2.1 Nali Sopat Penabu Rural LLG Environment and Conservation Law 2007 (Manus Province) ................................................................................................................................. 24 4.2.2 Other eXamples: Hoskins, Bialla, and Talasea Rural LLGs (Western New Britain Province) ................................................................................................................................. 26 PART C. OVERVIEW OF THE DRAFT BECHE-DE-MER MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................ 1 1. THE BECHE-DE-MER MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................ 1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 1 Management under the BDM Management Plan: Towards joint management of the BDM Fishery ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Joint Management (cl 5) ............................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Provincial, Local-level, and community management plans ......................................... 4 1.2.3 National Management Advisory Committee ................................................................. 4 1.2.4 Provincial and Local-level Government Management Advisory Committees ............... 6 1.2.5 Provincial Fisheries Officers ......................................................................................... 7 1.2.6 Management measures (cl 8) ....................................................................................... 7 1.2.7 Ongoing Assessments (cl 9) ....................................................................................... 12 1.2.8 Customary management measures (cl 11) ................................................................ 13 PART D. LAWS RELEVANT TO IMPORT OF BECHE-DE-MER IN MAINLAND CHINA & HONG KONG 1. LAWS RELEVANT TO IMPORT OF BECHE-DE-MER IN MAINLAND CHINA ...................... 1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 1 Customs law .......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 What is Customs Law? ................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Customs law in China ................................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 Customs statistics ......................................................................................................... 4 1.2.4 Customs coding ............................................................................................................ 5 1.2.5 TaXes and duties .......................................................................................................... 7 Quarantine Law ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 What is Quarantine law? .............................................................................................. 8 1.3.2 Quarantine law in China ............................................................................................... 8 2. LAWS RELEVANT TO IMPORT OF BECHE-DE-MER IN Hong Kong ................................