Table of Contents PROFILE ..............................................................................................................6 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Facts and Figures.......................................................................................................................................... 6 International Disputes: .............................................................................................................................. 11 Trafficking in Persons:............................................................................................................................... 11 Illicit Drugs: ................................................................................................................................................ 11 GEOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................12 Kenya’s Neighborhood............................................................................................................................... 12 Somalia ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 Ethiopia ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 Sudan........................................................................................................................................................... 13 Uganda and Tanzania ................................................................................................................................ 13 Area ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Geographic Regions.................................................................................................................................... 14 The Coast .................................................................................................................................................... 14 The Eastern Plateaus and Northern Plains .............................................................................................. 15 The Lake Victoria Basin ............................................................................................................................ 15 The Highlands............................................................................................................................................. 16 Climate ........................................................................................................................................................ 16 Rivers and Lakes ........................................................................................................................................ 17 Tana River................................................................................................................................................... 17 Athi-Galana-Sabaki River ......................................................................................................................... 17 Lake Turkana ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Lake Victoria .............................................................................................................................................. 18 Population and Cities ................................................................................................................................. 19 Nairobi......................................................................................................................................................... 19 Mombasa..................................................................................................................................................... 21 Kisumu ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 Nakuru......................................................................................................................................................... 22 Eldoret......................................................................................................................................................... 23 Environmental Concerns ........................................................................................................................... 23 Natural Hazards ......................................................................................................................................... 25 HISTORY............................................................................................................27 Pre-Colonial Inland Kenya........................................................................................................................ 27 Pre-Colonial Coastal Kenya ...................................................................................................................... 29 The Colonial Era ........................................................................................................................................ 32 Republic of Kenya (1963-1997) ................................................................................................................. 36 Recent History ............................................................................................................................................ 38 ECONOMY .........................................................................................................40 Industry....................................................................................................................................................... 40 Banking ....................................................................................................................................................... 41 Trade ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 Investment................................................................................................................................................... 43 Energy and Resources................................................................................................................................ 44 Standard of Living...................................................................................................................................... 45 Agriculture.................................................................................................................................................. 47 Tourism ....................................................................................................................................................... 48 Transportation............................................................................................................................................ 49 Railroads ..................................................................................................................................................... 49 Highways..................................................................................................................................................... 50 Air Transportation ..................................................................................................................................... 50 Business Outlook ........................................................................................................................................ 51 International Organizations ...................................................................................................................... 52 SOCIETY ............................................................................................................53 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 53 Ethnic Groups............................................................................................................................................. 53 Bantu ........................................................................................................................................................... 53 Cushite......................................................................................................................................................... 54 Other............................................................................................................................................................ 54 Languages ................................................................................................................................................... 54 English......................................................................................................................................................... 54 Swahili ........................................................................................................................................................