FFC MODEL SCHOOL History, Class 7th – A-B Annual Examination 2020-21 Chapter # 02 Essay Type QUESTIONS Q. 1. Describe the role of Akbar in the expansion and consolidation of Mughal Empire. Akbar became king in 1556. He was 14 years old only when he became king. His tutor Bairam Khan helped him to expand and consolidate his empire. Expansion:- Akbar conquered following areas and expanded his empire. 1. Gujrat 2. Bihar 3. Bengal 4. Kabul 5. Amber 6. Kalinjar 7. Sindh 8. Kashmir etc. Consolidation:- Akbar took following measures following steps to consolidate his empire. 1. He introduced Mansabdari system. 2. He made good relations with Hindu Rajputs. 3. He appointed Hindu ministers. 4. He abolished many taxes of Hindus. 5. He made a new religion “Din e Ilahi”. 6. He promoted interfaith marriages. Q. 2. Review the administrative measures and reforms by Akbar. Afghan Challenge:- Administrative measures and reforms introduced by Akbar are given below.uuou0 1. Mansabdari System:- This system had two parts. 1- Civil 2- Military. Mansab means “rank”. According to this system, different mansabs were given to capable persons. These mansabdars were responsible to perform different functions. Responsibilities:- Usually they provided troops for the battles. Masnabs were as do hazari , panj hazari, das hazari etc. These mansabs could be divided into Sawars and Zaats . Sawar means Cavalry men and Zaat means foot soldiers. 2. Religious Strategy: Akbar introduced a new religion “Din i Ilahi” which was mixture of all the religions. Akbar tried to unite all religions and take religious control in his hands. He adopted liberal religious policy. 3. Measurement of Land: A minister of Akbar Raja Todar Mal made a system of land measurement. He revised the system of revenue. 4. Improved relations with Rajputs: Akbar made good relations with other nations to make his government strong. He took following steps. He promoted interfaith marriages. He abolished Jizya. He awarded high ranks to Hindus. Q. 3. Write about Succession of Akbar. Akbar became king at the age of 14 in 1556. Faithful ministers of Humayun supported him. They helped him to retain the empire of his father. Bairam Khan was the commander in chief of Mughal army. He defeated allied forces of Himu Baqqal and Lodhis in 2 nd battle of Panipat and secured rule of Akbar. Akbar ruled for 49 years. He was succeeded by his son Jahangir. Q. 4. Give the analysis of culture in the time of Jahangir and Noor Jahan. Culture of Indian society was flourished during the reign of Jahangir and Noor Jahan . Detail is asunder. Poetry:- Jahangir encouraged poetry and prose. He himself wrote his autobiography “ Tuzk i Jahangiri”. Poets and writers were given high status in the courts. Painting:- Painters were appreciated. Ustad Mansur was a famous painter. He was master of painting animal figures. Architecture:- During his reign, many beautiful buildings were constructed. eg BegumPuri mosque, Naseem Bagh , Anarkali’s tomb etc. Noor Jahan gave grants to build many buildings in Lahore. Music: - Many famous musicians were preset in the court of Jahangir. They could play many instruments. Dresses and Festivals : Noor Jahan designed new dresses and arranged many festivals in the court. Q. 5. Describe why reign of Shah Jahan is considered the Golden Period of Mughal Empire. Reign of Shah Jahan is considered as the Golden Period because of the following reasons. There was complete peace and order in the empire. Trade and commerce prospered during this reign. Non-Muslim powers were at peace with Mughal Empire. Art and literature flourished. Looting of Portuguese in Bengal was stopped. Q. 6. Describe the culture and architecture in the time of Shah Jahan. Shah Jahan was fond of making new buildings. A new style of architecture was evolved. Detail of new buildings is as under. Shah Jahan built Taj Mahal at Agrah. Red Fort of Delhi was built with red marble. Shalamar Bagh was built by Shah Jahan in Lahore. Shesh Mahal was built in Lahore Fort. Noor Jahan’s tomb was built in Lahore. Jahangir’s tomb was built. Wazir Khan Mosque was constructed in Lahore. A beautiful mosque was constructed in Thatta. Q. 7. Write in detail about battles of succession between sons of Shah Jahan. There was no law of succession in Mughals. Four sons of Shah Jahan were governors of different provinces. They started fighting to get throne when Shah Jahan became ill. Darashikoh was the eldest son. He was made successor by Shah Jahan. Shuja was governor of Bengal. He was a lazy person. Aurangzeb was governor of Deccan. He was a brave military commander. Murad was a hasty person. He was governor of Gujrat. 1. First battle was fought between Shuja and Darashikoh. Shuja wa defeated. 2. Second battle was fought between Darashikoh and Aurangzeb & Murad. Darashikoh was defeated. 3. Third battle was fought between Darashikoh and Aurangzeb & Murad. Darashikoh was defeated again. Murad was put into prison. Shah Jahan was house arrested. 4. Fourth battle was fought between Aurangzeb and Shuja. Shuja was defeated and he fled to Bengal. 5. Fifth battle was fought between Aurangzeb and Darashikoh. Dara was defeated and killed later. After these battles, Aurangzeb became king and he ruled for 49 years. Q. 8. Describe Deccan expedition of Aurangzeb for chastening of Marathas. Aurangzeb spent 25 years in south India to crush the Maratha Power. Shiva Ji :- He was a brave Maratha leader who did not like Mughal power. He gathered Marathas around him and started looting cities of Mughal Empire. Shiva Ji and Alamgir : Alamgir captured Shiva Ji and kept him in his court for some time. Shiva Ji fled from the court and reached south India again. He became a threat to Mughal rule. He died in 1680. Alamgir in Deccan : Alamgir arrived at Deccan in 1682 to increase Mughal power. Bijapur and Golconda : Alamgir conquered these states during his stay at Deccan. End of Maratha Power: Sambha ji was son of Shiva ji who stood against Mughal rule. He was killed by Mughals. Later other Maratha leader Raja Ram and Tara Bai were defeated. With this Maratha power was crushed. Q. 9. Analyze the status of Aurangzeb in the history of sub-continent. Aurangzeb Alamgir had an important position in the history of India. As a Person: He was a hardworking and dutiful person. He lived a simple life. He was a faithful Muslim. As a King : He was a great king. He was a strict ruler. He did not forgive his father and brothers who conspired against him. He was a brave general. He fought with Marathas, Sikhs, Jats and Rajputs to curb their powers. He spent 25 years of his life in Deccan. He was the last great Mughal king in India. After his death the Mughal Empire disintegrated in a few years. .