Madison Street Corridor Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Cultural Resources Assessment Prepared for Seattle Department of Transportation Federal Transit Administration Lead Author Environmental Science Associates March 2017 SDOT Seattle Department of Transportation Madison Street Corridor BRT Project Cultural Resource Assessment Prepared for Seattle Department of Transportation Prepared by Alicia Valentino, Ph.D., Katherine F. Wilson, M.A., and Chanda Schneider (Environmental Science Associates) With contributions from Natalie Perrin, M.S. (Historical Research Associates, Inc.) This report is exempt from public distribution and disclosure (RCW 42.56.300) ESA Project Number 150820.00 DAHP Project Number 2016-06-03962 Cultural Resources Assessment ABSTRACT The Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT) is preparing to construct the Madison Street Corridor Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project (Project). The Project includes construction of 11 BRT station areas with 21 directional platforms along a 2.4-mile corridor that includes portions of 1st Avenue, 9th Avenue, Spring Street, and Madison Street in downtown Seattle. Many of the proposed station locations either are paved sidewalks/roadways, or will be placed in islands in the center of the existing road right-of-way. The project is receiving Federal funding from the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), which requires FTA compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (“Section 106”). Environmental Science Associates (ESA) was retained by SDOT to conduct a cultural resources assessment for the Project. ESA conducted background research, reviewed existing cultural resource surveys, and inventoried historic properties. A project Area of Potential Effects (APE) was defined as an approximately 2.4-mile long corridor between 1st Avenue and Martin Luther King Jr. Way E, in the road rights-of-way, adjacent parcels, proposed station locations, and equipment staging and access areas. Areas planned for ground disturbance include bus shelter foundations, station amenities, traction power substation foundation, new and replaced pavement, storm drainage relocations, storm detention pipes, and utility relocations. The maximum depth of ground disturbance for the project is 30 feet, but most project elements will require excavation to a shallower depth. No archaeological sites were identified within the APE. In total, 83 properties within the APE were inventoried for the project, 40 of which are listed or recommended for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). While there may be temporary construction impacts such as noise and vibration, no permanent impacts (e.g. physical or visual) to any historic-aged property is expected. Therefore, ESA considers that this project will result in No Adverse Effect for these historic properties. Plans for the Madison Street Corridor BRT Project have not yet been finalized. Based on available information it is possible that ground-disturbing activities will encounter old roadways or other infrastructure. ESA recommends archaeological monitoring for that ground disturbing work west of I-5 in anticipation of encountering buried infrastructure. This monitoring should be guided by an Archaeological Resources Monitoring Plan/Inadvertent Discovery Plan (ARMP/IDP), which will provide protocols to follow in the event that a buried archaeological resource is encountered. Once the 100% plans become available, they should be reviewed to determine any changes to the current understanding of the Project, the extent of ground disturbance, and the likelihood for encountering buried cultural resources. The ARMP/IDP should be developed following review of the 100% plans. March 30, 2017 Page i Cultural Resources Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. I 1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................... 3 1.3 AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS .............................................................................................................. 3 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING .................................................................................................. 3 2.1 GEOMORPHOLOGY ................................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 SOILS .................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 FLORA AND FAUNA ............................................................................................................................... 4 3.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH METHODS ................................................................................ 5 4.0 PRECONTACT BACKGROUND ............................................................................................... 5 5.0 ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND .......................................................................................... 6 5.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................ 6 5.2 ETHNOGRAPHIC RESOURCES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA ....................................................................... 7 6.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................................ 11 6.1 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................... 11 6.1.1 Auto Row ................................................................................................................ 12 6.1.2 First Hill and Renton Hill ......................................................................................... 13 6.1.3 Central District ........................................................................................................ 13 7.0 PREVIOUS CULTURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH ........................................................... 15 7.1 PREVIOUS CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEYS ...................................................................................... 15 7.2 RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................... 18 7.2.1 Archaeological Resources ...................................................................................... 18 7.2.2 Aboveground Historic Properties ............................................................................ 20 7.2.3 Belowground Historic Properties ............................................................................ 20 7.2.4 Cemeteries ............................................................................................................. 22 7.3 EXPECTATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 23 8.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................... 23 9.0 HISTORIC PROPERTY SURVEY ........................................................................................... 23 9.1 HISTORIC PROPERTY SURVEY ............................................................................................................. 34 9.1.1 909 1st Avenue / Federal Office Building (DAHP #53591; Map #1) ....................... 34 9.1.2 1001-1023 1st Avenue / Globe Building, Beebe Building, Hotel Cecil (DAHP #44881; Map #2) .................................................................................................................. 35 9.1.3 1107 1st Avenue (95 Spring Street) / Colman Building (aka Coleman Building) (DAHP #708770; Map #3) ................................................................................................... 38 9.1.4 1018-1022 1st Avenue / Holyoke Building (DAHP #44883; Map #4) ...................... 41 9.1.5 1012 1st Avenue / Schoenfeld Furniture Store Building (DAHP #99053; Map #5) 42 9.1.6 413-423 Seneca Street / Olympic Hotel Parking Garage and Airline Terminal Building (DAHP #344660; Map #6) ..................................................................................... 43 9.1.7 1100 5th Avenue / Spring Apartment Hotel (DAHP #708771; Map #7) .................. 45 9.1.8 1105 6th Avenue / Women’s University Club (DAHP #53453; Map #8) ................. 48 March 30, 2017 Page iii Cultural Resources Assessment 9.1.9 1010 5th Avenue / Nakamura Federal Courthouse (DAHP #344590; Map #9) ...... 49 9.1.10 1102 8th Avenue / Lowell Apartments (DAHP #45195; Map #10) ......................... 50 9.1.11 1101-1123 9th Avenue / Virginia Mason Parking Garage (DAHP #344705; Map #11) 51 9.1.12 701-725 Spring Street / First Presbyterian Church (DAHP #344699; Map #12) .... 53 9.1.13 1013 8th Avenue / Mark A. Mathews Memorial Christian Education Building and Chapel (DAHP #668122; Map #13) ..................................................................................... 55 9.1.14 1000 8th Avenue / Nettleton Apartments (DAHP #344560 / 87159; Map #14) ....... 57 9.1.15 1018