REPRESENTATION OF ENGLISHNESS IN SKINHEAD SUBCULTURE IN SHANE MEADOWS’ FILM THIS IS ENGLAND A THESIS BY: KHAIRUNNISA REG. NO. 1007050690 SUPERVISOR CO-SUPEPVISOR Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum Submitted to the Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2014 Universitas Sumatera Utara Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination. Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D Universitas Sumatera Utara Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on 2014 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001 Board of Examiners Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S ___________________ Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D ___________________ Dra. Redita Lubis, Dipl Appl. Ling. M.Hum ___________________ Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum ___________________ Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, KHAIRUNNISA, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : October 27th 2014 i Universitas Sumatera Utara COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : KHAIRUNNISA TITLE OF THESIS : REPRESENTATION OF ENGLISHNESS IN SKINHEAD SUBCULTURE IN SHANE MEADOWS’ FILM THIS IS ENGLAND QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCION AT THE DESCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Signed : Date : October 27th 2014 ii Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGMENT Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Praise and highest gratitude to the Almighty Allah SWT, for the infinite blessings and compassions that have been given to me to accomplish this thesis. Shalawat and Salam to our Prophet Muhammad SAW who had delivered the truth to human beings especially to all muslims around the world. I would like to thank Dr.H.Syahron Lubis, MA the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. I would also like to respectfully thank Dr.H.Muhizar Muchtar, M.S the Head of the Department of English, and the Secretary of the Department of English, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D. I would like to express huge gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum and my co-supervisor Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum. Thank you for the patience, time, support and motivation in guiding me to write and finish this thesis. Many incredible thanks to my ‘home’ especially Ayah and Bunda for your endless love, kindness, patience, sincerity, advices, and for your du’a throughout my life. Thank you for trusting me to be your best daughter, for wasting lots money for me, for giving me best of the best. I can’t imagine what my life would be without you two. For my crazy annoying brothers Fadhil Ramadhan and Irfanul Aulia, thank you for letting me to be your annoying sister too (LOL), for times we’ve spent, for our joyful childhood, we are the truly WWE players in tiny version. Also my sincere thanks to Nenek, Cek Dar my cool yet weirdo aunty, Cek Ayu, Cek Ana, Cek Anum, Cek Muhar, Cek Desi, Cek Rahmat, Cek Ani, Cek Bayu, Cek Udin, and Cek Cop (Oops I got too many Ceks) and to the coolest Kakek of mine in heaven. iii Universitas Sumatera Utara To my awesome Rahmi Khairunnisak a.k.a Yuyun a.k.a Yuyunick, thank you for being my incredible soulmate this past 11 years. I know it isn’t easy to stand by my side. You have no idea how glad I am to have you in my life. Deeply, Sincerely, Incredibly thanks to Annisa Musa, Nadia Marchelina, and Uswatun Nisa for playing the very important role of my life, I would rather walk with you guys in the dark, than alone in the light. Remember, we still have so many big dreams to chase. My sincere thanks also goes to my one of a kind brotha Rizky Aldiyansyah, for helping me with no doubts whenever and wherever I need you. To my beautiful consellour Toyya Winata for your life motivation and support, hugs and kisses. To the 8th letter of alphabet, thank you for sweet chit-chats we have these few months, keep calm and let it be! Biggest thanks to my English Literature mates especially to Yudi, Anok, Ulan, Eby, Wina, Filza, Boy, Denny, Petrus, Dicky, Hanni, Apri, Zega, Cindy, Hetty, Elsye, Yuni, and the rest of ‘10. Also to IMSI’s family especially to Mak Qiqi, Bang Gullit, Bang Izal, Dimaz, Wahyu, Abel, Bang Yuda, Bang Bayu, Kak Dinda, Bang Ady Wak, Zara, Refi, Kevin, Ossy, and the other that I can’t mentioned one by one, thank you for our great moments. Last but not least thank you to my hometown fellas Yana, Yani, Amel, Indah, Sari, Agung, Fadhel, Abil, Yudi, Momo for being my reminder in finishing this thesis. Finally, may this thesis have many benefits and advantages to those who read it even though it is still far from outstanding. May Allah SWT always bless us throughout our journey. Amin Ya Rabb. Thanks once again. Medan Khairunnisa NIM: 100705070 iv Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK This Is England adalah sebuah film drama Inggris tahun 2006 yang ditulis dan digarap oleh Shane Meadows. Cerita berfokus pada kaum skinhead muda di Inggris tahun 1983. Menggambarkan bagaimana pekerja buruh muda berjuang mencari identitas mereka, bagaimana kemaskulinan dan kekerasan saling berhubungan dan bagaimana Englishness memiliki makna berbeda untuk setiap karakter. Studi dalam film ini berkonsentrasi pada Englishness dari sudut pandang pekerja buruh, dan termasuk pula tema-tema seperti kekerasan, kemaskulinan serta identitas nasional. Beberapa konsep dari ilmu budaya digunakan untuk menginterpretasikan film ini seperti identitas, negara, subkultur, dan golongan. Metode kualitatif deskriptif dipilih untuk menganalisis film ini. Hasil analisis ini diharapkan bermanfaat bagi pembaca untuk dapat mengambil pelajaran atau pengalaman yang terkandung dalam film ini yang masih terjadi dalam realita sekarang. Kata kunci: England, Englishness, Identitas, Subkultur, Skinhead. v Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT This Is England is a 2006 British drama film written and directed by Shane Meadows. The story centres on young skinheads in England in 1983. It depicts how young working class struggling to find their identity, how masculinity and violence are correlated and how Englishness means different things to different characters. The study on this film concentrates on Englishness from the point of view of working class, and includes such themes as violence , masculinity and national identity. Various concepts of cultural studies are used to interpret the film such as identity, nation, subculture and class. Descriptive qualitative method is chosen to analyze this film. The result of this analysis are expected to benefit the readers to be able to take any lessons or experiences contained in the film that still exists in today’s reality. Keywords: England, Englishness, Identity, Subculture, Skinhead. vi Universitas Sumatera Utara TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR’S DECLARATION………………………………………………………i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION……………………………………………………ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………………………iii ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………………..….v ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………vi TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….vii CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study………………………………………....1 1.2 Problem of the Study……………………………………………..4 1.3 Objective of the Study……………………………………………4 1.4 Scope of the Study………………………………………………..5 1.5 Significance of the Study………………………………………...5 CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Sociology of Literature…………………………………………...6 2.2 Identity...........................................................................................7 2.2.1 National Identity.........................................................................9 2.2.1.1 Nation and Nationality in General...........................................9 2.2.1.2 Nation and Nationalism in Britain.........................................10 2.3 Cultural Behaviour.................……………..…………….....…...12 2.3.1 Subculture as a Social Identity.................................................12 2.3.2 Skinheads..................................................................................15 2.4 Englishness...................................................................................18 2.5 Class.............................................................................................21 CHAPTER III : METHOD OF THE STUDY 3.1 Research Design………………………………………….……..23 vii Universitas Sumatera Utara 3.2 Data Sources…………………………………………….………23 3.3 Data Collection……………………………………………….…24 3.4 Data Analysis…………………………………………………...24