Succession Biology COMMUNITY CHANGE DURING ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Primary Succession Secondary Succession ➢ Abiotic and Biotic Factors ➢ Pioneer Community ➢ Climax Community ➢ Collapse and Renewal 1 Succession Biology COMMUNITY CHANGE DURING PRIMARY SUCCESSION Primary Succession- an area without Order of Events any vegetation or soil Examples - lava flow and glaciers 1. Abiotic and Biotic Factors 2. Pioneer Species 3. Biomass 4. Soil 5. Small, then larger plants 6. Herbivores, carnivores 2 Succession Biology COMMUNITY CHANGE DURING PRIMARY SUCCESSION Primary Succession 1. Abiotic and Biotic 3. Biomass Factors (initial ● pioneer species components of an will colonize the ecosystem) habitat ● abiotic- nonliving; ● colonization water soil, air, changes the area light, minerals 2. Pioneer Species to be more (first species to ● biotic- living; sustainable for plants, protists, colonize an area) even more fungus, bacteria ● lichens species and ● fungi populations ● algae 3 Succession Biology COMMUNITY CHANGE DURING PRIMARY SUCCESSION Primary Succession 4. Soil- 6. Herbivores and Carnivores ● accumulation of sediment and ● herbivores- biomass creates increased plant life soil brings plant-eating animals to the area ● carnivores- 5. Small plants, then larger plants (animals that feed ● soil allows plants to grow on other animals) ● small plants create more biomass colonize the area allowing larger plants to colonize and feed on area plant-eating animals 4 Succession Biology COMMUNITY CHANGE DURING SECONDARY SUCCESSION Secondary Succession- occurs in areas that previously supported vegetation Order of Events 1. Abiotic and Biotic Factors 2. Pioneer Community 3. Climax Community 4. Collapse and Renewal Occurs at a higher rate than primary succession 5 Succession Biology COMMUNITY CHANGE DURING SECONDARY SUCCESSION Secondary Because these succession occurs in habitats already have habitats that soil, secondary previously supported succession usually vegetation. begins with small plants. A natural disaster (e.g., volcanoes and Climax community forest fires) or human can be reached more activities (e.g., forest quickly in secondary clearing and draining succession due to swamps) cause the established soil and area community to presence of pioneer collapse. species. 6 Succession Biology COMMUNITY CHANGE DURING ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Pioneer Community vs. Climax Community ❖ Fast growth ❖ Slow growth ❖ Few defenses ❖ Defenses established ❖ Lack competitive traits ❖ Many competitive traits ❖ Low biodiversity ❖ High biodiversity ❖ Abiotic and biotic factors ❖ Abiotic and biotic factors unstable stable 7.