Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 8(1) 1-23 2021 New epilithic Naviculales (Bacillariophyta) from Ivory Coast N’guessan Koffi R.1* ; Kouassi Blé Alexis T.2* ; Lozo N’guessan R.1 ; Niamien- Ebrottié Julie E.3 ; Coste M.4 ; Ouattara A.3; Kouamelan Essetchi P. 1 Received: March 2020 Accepted: January 2021 Abstract Epilithic diatom of the Ivory Coast is very poorly understood, aims of this study are: to document the epilithic diatom diversity from Naviculales. In this study, the epilithic diatoms in the samples collected from ten stations on the Me River between February and July 2012. A total of 56 Naviculales new taxa in 8 families were recorded. The taxonomic composition observed was dominated by Naviculaceae and Pinnulariaceae. Keywords: Diatoms, Epilithic, Flora, Naviculales, Ivory Coast 1-Laboratoire des Milieux Naturels et Conservation de la Biodiversité, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix-Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. 2-UFR Sciences Biologiques, Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly de Korhogo 3-Laboratoire d’Environnement et de Biologie Aquatique, UFR Sciences et Gestion de l’Environnement, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Inrea 4-INRAE UR ETBX, 50 avenue du Verdun, F-33612 Cestas Cedex, France. *Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected] 2 N’guessan Koffi et al., New epilithic Naviculales (Bacillariophyta) from Ivory Coast Introduction (2015), Komoé et al. (2009) in the Aquatic ecosystems of fluvial types are lagoon complex of Grand-Lahou and characterized by the existence of an Seu-Anoï (2012), in the lagoon upstream-downstream gradient from the complexes (Aby, Ébrié and Grand- hydrological point of view or a spatial Lahou). variation of the hydromorphological Order Naviculales Bessey emend. characteristics (current, flow, width and Mann and Round et al. (1990) is depth) (Malavoi and Souchon, 2002). characterized by solitary or chain- These hydromorphological variations forming cells with one, two or four along the upstream-downstream lamina-shaped chloroplasts, rarely H- gradient are accompanied by variability shaped or discoid. The central nucleus in the physico-chemical parameters of is rarely eccentric. The frustules are water, essential for biological isovalvar with simple or loculated organisms, especially diatoms. Studies areolae occluded by hymenes. The on diatom taxonomy only in the African raphe is central or slightly eccentric, tropics are less numerous than in straight or sigmoid, temperate zones (Metzeltin and Lange- Studies specific of taxa from the Bertalot, 1998 and 2007, Descy and order Naviculales from Ivory Coast Sarmento, 2008; Wetzel et al., 2011). water environments almost does not Available data on the diatoms of exist. The diatoms communities from African rivers and streams are old and the Agnéby and Mé river watersheds, limited to the works of Zanon (1941) in Ivory Coast (N’guessan et al., 2014) French West Africa, Foged (1966) in note the presence of a large number of Ghana, Foged (1986) in the Gambia, species of this order. Cholnoky (1968) in central Africa, In this paper, we describe the new Carter and Denny (1982) in Sierra epilithic Naviculales of the river Mé Leone. The most extensive data on would contribute to the knowledge of diatom taxonomy were conducted on diatoms in Ivory Coast. lake ecosystems. We can mention the work of Compère (1975a, 1975b 1975c Material and methods and 1975d) on Lake Chad, from The Mé River (3°14' W, 6°40' N) is Compère (1991) on Lake Guiers, located in the south of Ivory Coast). Mé Cocquyt (1998) on Lake Tanganyika, River rises in the North of Adzopé Couté and Iltis (1985). In Ivory Coast, flows into the Poto lagoon in the North references have been very useful for of Grand Bassam with a catchment area taxonomic determinations: of 4,300 km2. This part of Ivory Coast, Bourrelly (1961) on the Ébrié located on Precambrian substrates, is lagoon, Da (1986, 1992 and 2007), covered by swamps and rainforests Ouattara et al., (2000 and 2001), (Avenard et al., 1971). A preliminary Niamien-Ébrottié et al. (2008), Kouassi. study of the river systems based on (2013), Kouassi et al. (2010), Salla geological, topological and land cover Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 8(1) 2021 3 data allowed the selection of the study period, the cage was removed from the sites, taking into account their river; the glass slides were scraped accessibility using a razor blade and the biofilm was The material analyzed and poured into a vial with distilled water interpreted in the present study was and a few drops of 10% formalin. collected in the Mé River (Fig. 1 and Samples for diatom analysis were Table 1). Ten stations were visited, in cleaned using hydrogen peroxide February and July 2012. Diatoms were (H2O2; 30%) and hydrochloric acid sampled on glass slides (76×26×1 mm) (HCl; 35%) and mounted on slides with previously immersed during a period of Naphrax according to (AFNOR, NF EN 30 days. Ten slides were maintained in 13946 (2003). a cage made of polystyrene (38×13×6 cm), in the photic zone. After the immersion 6°50 ' ( AGNÉBY MÉ 6°00 ' ME 1 ME2 AGBOVILLE ME3 ME4 ME 5 AGNÉBY ME6 MÉ ME7 ME8 5°50 ' ME 9 ME10 ABIDJAN ÉBRIÉ LAGOON DABOU ATLANTIC OCEAN 0 20 40 kilometers - 4°65 ' - 4°20 ' - 3°75 ' Figure 1: Study area and location of sampling sites of river Me in Ivory Coast. Diatoms were identified using light and Lange-Bertalot (1986, 1988, 1991a, microscopy (LM) (Leica-DMRB) at a b), Simonsen (1987), Levkov (2009), specific or infraspecific level according Lange-Bertalot et al. (2011), Krammer to Foged (1966, 1986), Carter and (2000, 2002, 2003, and Lange-Bertalot Denny (1982, 1987, 1992), Krammer (2001) (Figs. 2-57). In average, 50 4 N’guessan Koffi et al., New epilithic Naviculales (Bacillariophyta) from Ivory Coast organisms were used for measurements. Dajoz (2000) Common species The frequency of each species present (1), F > 50%; occasional species was determined according to Dajoz (2), 25% < F < 50 %; rare species (2000). Three frequency groups were (3), F < 25%. distinguished according to value of Table 1: List of sampling stations along the Mé River, Ivory Coast. River or Site code Geographic coordinates Locality tributary ME1 5°59ʼ4.5ʼʼN-4°02ʼ42.3ʼʼW Mafou Mafou-Boudépé road ME2 5°52ʼ40.9ʼʼN-3°54ʼ37.8ʼʼW Mambé Abié-Lobo Opé road Lobo Opé-Lobo ME3 5°52ʼ27.9ʼʼN- 3°51ʼ03.4ʼʼW Mansan Akoudzin road Lobo Akoudzin- ME4 5°50ʼ25.5ʼʼN-3°49ʼ01.4ʼʼW Mé Kodioussou road ME5 5°47ʼ19.0ʼʼN-3°57ʼ46.0ʼʼW Mafou Azaguié-Yakassémé road 800 m from Azaguié ME6 5°38ʼ15.1ʼʼN- 4°02ʼ38.3ʼʼW Abé corridor ME7 5°31ʼ34.7ʼʼN-4°02ʼ49.7ʼʼW Bété 800 m from Attiékoi Bridge of Ahoué. Abobo- ME8 5°29ʼ33.1ʼʼN-3°57ʼ14.4ʼʼW Bété Baoulé- Ahoué road 5 km dʼAhoutoué Axe ME9 5°28ʼ26.3ʼʼN-3°50ʼ00.9ʼʼW Mé Ahoué-Ahoutoué 3.5 km from Ahoutoué- ME10 5°29ʼ41.5ʼʼN-3°49ʼ00.0ʼʼW Ahoutoué Ahoutoué-N'zodji road Results and discussion Description. L: 32.8 μm; W: 5.9 μm. Light microscopy micrographs of Distribution and examined site: diatoms were showed in Figures 2-57. Accidentel, ME10. Order: Naviculales *Brachysira neoexilis Lange-Bertalot Family: Brachysiraceae and Gerd (1994) (Fig. 3) *Brachysira exilis (Kützing) Round and D.G. Mann (1981) (Fig. 2) Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 8(1) 2021 5 Description. L: 21.3 μm; W: 4.4 μm. *Caloneis stauroneiformis Distribution and examined site: (Amossé) Metzeltin and Lange-Bertalot Accidental, ME8 (2002) (Fig. 6) Order: Naviculales Family: Naviculaceae *Caloneis incognita Hustedt (1910) (Fig. 4) Description. L: 47.2-57.7 μm; W: 9.3- 10.5 μm; Str: 19-20/10 μm. Distribution and examined site: Order: Naviculales Family: Stauroneidaceae Description. L: 33.5-44.8 μm; W: 8.8- 10.8 μm; Str: 1 9-21/10 μm. *Craticula halophila (Grunow) Mann Distribution and examined site: Round et al. (1990) (Fig. 7) Accidental, ME1, ME2 and ME6. *Caloneis inflata (Hustedt) Metzeltin and Lange-Bertalot (2007) (Fig. 5) Description. L: 31.2-49.1 μm; W: 6.9- 10.3 μm; Str: 19-20/10 μm. Distribution and examined site: Accidental, stations ME8 Description. L: 27.4-31.1 μm; W: 5.4- Order: Naviculales 5.6 μm; Str: 21-22/10 μm. Distribution Family: Diadesmidaceae and examined site: Accidental, ME7 and ME9. 6 N’guessan Koffi et al., New epilithic Naviculales (Bacillariophyta) from Ivory Coast *Diadesmis contenta var. biceps *Hippodonta capitata (Ehrenberg) (Grunow) P.B.Hamilton 1992 (Fig. 8) Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin & Witkowski (1996) (Fig. 10) Description. L: 8.6-13.5 μm; W: 2.2-2.9 Description. L: 17,8-19,23 μm; W 4,7- μm. Distribution and examined site: 4,9 μm; Str: 12-13/10μm. Distribution Accidental, except ME5 and ME7. and examined site: Accessoiry, ME12, Order: Naviculales ME14 et ME15. Family: Diploneidaceae Order: Naviculales Family: Naviculaceae *Diploneis pseudovalis Hustedt (1930) (Fig. 9) *Gyrosigma reimeri Sterrenburg (1994) (Fig. 11) Description. L: 16.3-29.1 μm; W: 9.2- Description. L: 65.3-79.1 μm; W: 13.3- 13.3 μm; Str: 8-13/10 μm. Distribution 14.1 μm; Str: 22-24/10 μm. Distribution and examined site: Accessoiry, ME1, and examined site: accidental, all ME2, ME3 et ME10. stations except ME1. Order: Naviculales Order: Naviculales Family: Naviculaceae Family: Diadesmidaceae *Luticola acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot and Metzeltin (1996) (Fig. 12) Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 8(1) 2021 7 Family : Naviculaceae *Navicula capitatoradiata Germain Description. L: 10.9-17.2 μm; W: 5.7- Gasse (1986) (Fig. 15) 6.9 μm; Str: 20-25/10 μm. Distribution and examined site: Accidental, ME3, ME6 and ME10. *Luticola dapaliformis (Hustedt) D.G. Mann Round et al.