Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise RANCHORDAS, Mayur <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7995-9115>, ROGERSON, David <http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4799-9865>, SOLTANI, Hora <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9611-6777> and COSTELLO, Joseph T Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/17745/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version RANCHORDAS, Mayur, ROGERSON, David, SOLTANI, Hora and COSTELLO, Joseph T (2017). Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017 (12). Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise (Review) Ranchordas MK, Rogerson D, Soltani H, Costello JT Ranchordas MK, Rogerson D, Soltani H, Costello JT. Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD009789. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009789.pub2. www.cochranelibrary.com Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise (Review) Copyright © 2017 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADER....................................... 1 ABSTRACT ...................................... 1 PLAINLANGUAGESUMMARY . 2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR THE MAIN COMPARISON . ..... 4 BACKGROUND .................................... 9 OBJECTIVES ..................................... 9 METHODS ...................................... 9 RESULTS....................................... 12 Figure1. ..................................... 13 Figure2. ..................................... 18 Figure3. ..................................... 19 Figure4. ..................................... 22 Figure5. ..................................... 23 DISCUSSION ..................................... 25 Figure6. ..................................... 28 Figure7. ..................................... 29 AUTHORS’CONCLUSIONS . 31 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 31 REFERENCES ..................................... 31 CHARACTERISTICSOFSTUDIES . 41 DATAANDANALYSES. 131 Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 1 Muscle soreness up to 6 hours; random-effects model. .............. 134 Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 2 Muscle soreness at 24 hours; random-effects model. ............. 136 Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 3 Muscle soreness at 48 hours; random-effects model. ............. 138 Analysis 1.4. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 4 Muscle soreness at 72 hours; random-effects model. ............. 140 Analysis 1.5. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 5 Muscle soreness at 96 hours; random-effects model. ............. 142 Analysis 1.6. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 6 Muscle soreness (follow-ups: 120, 144 and 168 hours); random-effects model. 143 Analysis 1.7. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 7 Muscle soreness up to 6 hours - all at same scale (0 to 10; worst pain). 144 Analysis 1.8. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 8 Muscle soreness at 24 hours - all at same scale (0 to 10; worst pain). 145 Analysis 1.9. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 9 Muscle soreness at 48 hours - all at same scale (0 to 10; worst pain). 147 Analysis 1.10. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 10 Muscle soreness at 72 hours - all at same scale (0 to 10; worst pain). 150 Analysis 1.11. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 11 Muscle soreness at 96 hours - all at same scale (0 to 10; worst pain). 152 Analysis 1.12. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 12 Muscle soreness at 24 hours. Subgroup analysis by type of exercise (whole body aerobic vs. mechanically induced). ................................... 153 Analysis 1.13. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 13 Muscle soreness at 48 hours. Subgroup analysis by type of exercise (whole body aerobic vs. mechanically induced). ................................... 155 Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise (Review) i Copyright © 2017 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Analysis 1.14. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 14 Muscle soreness at 24 hours. Subgroup analysis by funding sources (funded by food company or provider of antioxidant supplements vs. not funded by food company or provider of antioxidant supplements). 158 Analysis 1.15. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 15 Muscle soreness at 48 hours. Subgroup analysis by funding sources (funded by food company or provider of antioxidant supplements vs. not funded by food company or provider of antioxidant supplements). 160 Analysis 1.16. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 16 Muscle tenderness measured in Newtons (all follow-up times). 163 Analysis 1.17. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 17 Muscle tenderness measured in kg (all follow-up times). .............. 164 Analysis 1.18. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 18 30-second Wingate average peak power output (W/kg) (post 7 days of intervention). 165 Analysis 1.19. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome1920mSprinttime(s).. 165 Analysis 1.20. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 20 Maximal oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min) (post 42 days of supplementation). 166 Analysis 1.21. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome21Agility(seconds). 166 Analysis 1.22. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 22 6 second sprint maximal power (Watts) (all follow-up times).............. 167 Analysis 1.23. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 23 Maximal voluntary isometric contraction measured as percentage change from baseline. 168 Analysis 1.24. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 24 Maximal voluntary isometric contraction measured in Newton metres. 172 Analysis 1.25. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 25 Maximal voluntary isometric contraction measured in Newtons. 174 Analysis 1.26. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 26 Maximal voluntary isometric contraction measured in Newton metres per kg of body mass. 176 Analysis 1.27. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 27 Maximal voluntary isometric contraction measured inkg............... 177 Analysis 1.28. Comparison 1 Antioxidant supplementation vs. placebo for delayed onset muscle soreness (all studies), Outcome 28 Range of motion (all follow-up times). ....... 178 ADDITIONALTABLES. 182 APPENDICES ..................................... 194 CONTRIBUTIONSOFAUTHORS . 198 DECLARATIONSOFINTEREST . 198 SOURCESOFSUPPORT . 198 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROTOCOL AND REVIEW . .... 199 Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise (Review) ii Copyright © 2017 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [Intervention Review] Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise Mayur K Ranchordas1, David Rogerson1, Hora Soltani2, Joseph T Costello3 1Department of Sport, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK. 2Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK. 3Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK Contact address: Mayur K Ranchordas, Department of Sport, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent Campus, A221 Collegiate Hall, Ecclesall Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2BP, UK. [email protected], [email protected]. Editorial group: Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group. Publication