Security and disruptive technologies Security Materials Technologies Roadmap Synthesis Report prepared by the Security Materials Technologies Industry Steering Committee, National Research Council of Canada Security Materials Technologies Program, and Defence Research and Development Canada Editors Andrew Johnston, Ph.D. Program Leader, Security Materials Technologies National Research Council Canada Kevin Williams, Ph.D. Scientific Advisor, Soldier S&T Program Defence Research and Development Canada Alan Bolster Client Relationship Leader National Research Council Canada Andrew Plater Program Manager, Land Combat Systems Defence Research and Development Canada Marc McArthur Innovation Networks Advisor National Research Council Canada Contributing Authors Behnam Ashrafi, NRC Sylvain Labonté, NRC Yves Baillargeon, DRDC Chun Li, NRC Wayne Baird, NRC Catalin Mandache, NRC LCol Ron Bell, CAF Marc McArthur, NRC Alan Bolster, NRC Major Mark McNeil, CAF Brenda Brady, NRC Ali Merati, NRC Alain Bujold, Mawashi Science and Technology Dennis Nandlall, DRDC Jean-Philippe Dionne, Med-Eng Meysam Rahmat, NRC David Fraser, Inkas Jennifer Vuong, NRC Christa Homenick, NRC Kevin Williams, DRDC Michael Jakubinek, NRC Yunfa Zhang, NRC James Kempston, Morgan Advanced Materials i Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 2 SECURITY MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES ROADMAP PROCESS ................................................ 3 Background ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Governance ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Roadmap Process and Workshop ....................................................................................................................................... 5 SECURITY MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES ROADMAPS ................................................................. 7 How the roadmap is developed ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Starting point of an evergreen initiative .......................................................................................................................... 7 Vehicle Armour .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Personal Protective Equipment........................................................................................................................................ 11 STATE OF THE MARKET AND SECTOR ......................................................................................... 14 Future Security Environment ............................................................................................................................................ 14 The Defence Market .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 Force Protection Market ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 The Canadian Defence and Security Industry .................................................................................................................... 18 Armoured Vehicles and Personal Protective Equipment .............................................................................................. 18 Global Spending on Research and Development ....................................................................................................... 19 Future Capability Needs for Vehicle Armour............................................................................................................... 20 Influence of the Threat on Potential Solutions ........................................................................................................... 22 Future Capability Needs for Personal Protective Equipment ............................................................................... 23 Nature of the Threat ...................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Operating Environment and Operational Requirements .............................................................................................. 24 Integration of Protection with other Functions ................................................................................................................ 25 Human Factors ................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 PRODUCTS/PRODUCT CATEGORIES ............................................................................................ 27 Vehicle Armour ....................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Personal Protective Equipment........................................................................................................................................ 28 ii TECHNICAL CHALLENGES ................................................................................................................ 30 Reduce Weight ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30 Develop Modelling Tools ..................................................................................................................................................... 30 Improve Human Factors Engineering ............................................................................................................................ 30 Quantification and Design for Multiple Threats ......................................................................................................... 31 Availability of Materials Solutions .................................................................................................................................. 31 Reduce Cost .............................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Increase Performance .......................................................................................................................................................... 31 Develop Advanced Manufacturing Processes.............................................................................................................. 31 Improve/Enable Integration ............................................................................................................................................. 32 Materials Characterization at Multi-scale .................................................................................................................... 32 Multi-Purpose Materials ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS ............................................................................................................... 33 Manufacturing Technologies – High Velocity Oxygen Fluid, Cold Spray, and Additive Manufacturing . 33 Characterization and Testing ............................................................................................................................................ 35 Modelling and Simulation ................................................................................................................................................... 37 Polymers and Adhesives ..................................................................................................................................................... 39 Ceramics .................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 Non-Destructive Evaluation and Life Cycle Management ....................................................................................... 43 Nanomaterials ......................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Composite Materials ............................................................................................................................................................. 47 Manufacturing Composites ......................................................................................................................................................... 48 Coatings ....................................................................................................................................................................................