ORIGINAL REPUBLIC OF KENYA COPY A I P O MINISTRY OF ROADS AND PUBLICWORKS I H T E O T T HI KA R IV ER CHANIA THIKA FEASIBILITY STUDY, DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN, TENDER ADMINISTRATION AND THIKA CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF NAIROBI – THIKA ROAD (A2) PHASE 1 AND 2 JUJ A FEASIBILITY AND DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN RUIRU ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT GITHURAIASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT KASSAR ANI FINAL REPORT RUARKA ` MUTHAI JULY 2007 GA PANGA MUSE NI UM NAIROBI GLOBE CINEMA R/A CONSULTING ENGINEERING SERVICES (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED 57, NEHRU PLACE, (5TH FLOOR), NEW DELHI - 110 019 in association with APEC LIMITED, NAIROBI Nairobi – Thika Road Upgrading project Sheet 1 of 88 2007025/Report 2/Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Report Proponent: Ministry of Roads and Public Works. Activity: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study on the proposed Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Nairobi – Thika road, A2. Report Title: Environmental Project Report (Scoping): Proposed Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Nairobi – Thika Road, A2. Consulting Engineers Consulting Engineers Services (India) Private Limited In association with APEC Consortium Limited P. O. Box 3786 – 00100, NAIROBI, KENYA, Tel. 254 020 606283 NEMA Registration No. 0836 of Firm of Experts: Signed: ____________________________ Date: _____________________ Mr. Harrison W. Ngirigacha (MSc. WERM, BSc. Chem. Reg. Expert (NEMA)) LEAD EIA EXPERT NEMA Reg. No. 0027 For: Consulting Engineers Name and Address of Proponent: The Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Roads and Public Works, P. O. Box 30260 - 00100 NAIROBI. Tel. 254 020 723101 Signed: ____________________________ Date: _____________________ Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study in association with Nairobi – Thika Road Upgrading project Sheet 2 of 88 2007025/Report 2/Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Report TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................18 1.1 BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................................................18 1.2 OBJECTIVES ...............................................................................................................................................18 1.3 JUSTIFICATION ...........................................................................................................................................19 1.4 METHODOLOGY .........................................................................................................................................19 CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION.........................................................................................................21 2.1 ROUTE DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................21 2.2 DESIGN CONCEPTS.....................................................................................................................................21 2.2.1 Existing Status......................................................................................................................................21 2.2.2 Basic Design Principles .......................................................................................................................21 2.2.3 Design Components..............................................................................................................................22 2.2.4 Proposed Road Features......................................................................................................................22 2.3 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE ..........................................................................................................................23 2.4 PROPOSED PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ............................................................................................23 2.5 MONITORING PLAN....................................................................................................................................23 2.6 OUTPUTS AND CONSTRAINTS ENCOUNTERED............................................................................................23 2.6.1 Outputs.................................................................................................................................................23 2.6.2 Study Constraints .................................................................................................................................23 2.7 PROJECT ACTIVITIES..................................................................................................................................24 CHAPTER 3: BASELINE INFORMATION .....................................................................................................25 3.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ..........................................................................................................................25 3.1.1 General Physiology..............................................................................................................................25 3.1.2 Drainage and Hydrology .....................................................................................................................25 3.1.3 Geology and Soils.................................................................................................................................26 3.1.4 Water Resources...................................................................................................................................27 3.1.5 Climatic Conditions..............................................................................................................................29 3.1.6 Biological Diversity..............................................................................................................................30 3.1.7 Noise Levels .........................................................................................................................................32 3.1.8 Air Quality............................................................................................................................................33 3.2 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT..............................................................................................................................34 3.2.1 Population Trends................................................................................................................................34 3.2.2 Land Use Patterns................................................................................................................................35 Other notable land use features include;............................................................................................................36 3.2.3 Economic Issues...................................................................................................................................37 3.2.4 Health...................................................................................................................................................38 3.2.5 Road Safety Issues................................................................................................................................39 3.2.6 HIV/AIDS Aspects ................................................................................................................................40 3.2.7 Education Profile .................................................................................................................................41 3.2.8 Gender Issues.......................................................................................................................................41 3.3 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS......................................................................................................................41 3.3.1 Material Sites .......................................................................................................................................41 3.3.2 Construction Water Sources.................................................................................................................42 3.4 TRAFFIC TRENDS .......................................................................................................................................43 3.5 OTHER GENERAL ISSUES ...........................................................................................................................44 CHAPTER 4: CONSULTATIVE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION FORUM........................................................46 4.1 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................................................46 4.2 PUBLIC MEETINGS AND PARTICIPATION ....................................................................................................46 4.3 EMERGING ISSUES .....................................................................................................................................48 4.3.1 Potential Benefits .................................................................................................................................48