Appendix N – Air and Odour Assessment Reports Air Quality Assessment Report Odour Assessment Report GHD | Report for HZI, Besix and Itochu - Dubai Waste Management Center, 76/10735 Hitachi Zosen Inova, Besix and Itochu Dubai Waste Management Center Air Quality Assessment May 2020 Table of contents 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Project description ............................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Approach .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Scope of work ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Limitations ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.5 Assumptions ........................................................................................................................ 4 2. Project overview ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Project outline ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Facility description ............................................................................................................... 5 3. Legal framework and standards ..................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Cabinet Decree (12) of 2006 Regarding Regulation Concerning Protection of Air from Pollution ....................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 US Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29 CFR, Part 1910 (Standards for Air Contaminants) ...................................................................................... 10 3.3 US EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standards 40 CFR Part 50 .................................... 11 3.4 World Bank air quality standards ....................................................................................... 11 3.5 Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on Industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) ............................................................................................................................... 14 3.6 Other air quality standards ................................................................................................. 14 4. Description of the baseline environment ...................................................................................... 17 4.1 Annual average ambient air quality ................................................................................... 17 4.2 24-hour average ambient air quality .................................................................................. 20 4.3 1-hour average ambient air quality .................................................................................... 20 4.4 PM10 and PM2.5 ambient air quality .................................................................................... 24 4.5 Climate and meteorology ................................................................................................... 24 4.6 Sensitive receptors ............................................................................................................ 27 5. Dispersion modelling .................................................................................................................... 30 5.1 Emission sources ............................................................................................................... 30 5.2 Model description ............................................................................................................... 36 5.3 Dispersion modelling results .............................................................................................. 38 6. Management and mitigation measures ........................................................................................ 74 6.1 Operational WMC emissions ............................................................................................. 74 7. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 75 8. References ................................................................................................................................... 76 GHD | Report for Hitachi Zosen Inova, Besix and Itochu - Dubai Waste Management Center, 613558306 | i Table index Table 3-1 Maximum allowable emission limits of air pollutants emitted from solid waste incinerators .......................................................................................................................... 9 Table 3-2 UAE Federal ambient air quality standards ....................................................................... 10 Table 3-3 US OSHA standards for air contaminants exposure limits ................................................ 10 Table 3-4 Air Quality Standards for the Criteria Pollutants under 40 CFR Part 50 ............................ 11 Table 3-5 World Bank/WHO ambient air quality guidelines and interim targets ................................ 13 Table 3-6 World Bank/WHO ambient air quality guidelines ............................................................... 13 Table 3-7 Daily average emission limit values for polluting substances ............................................ 14 Table 3-8 Average emission limit values for heavy metals over a sampling period of a minimum of 30 minutes and a maximum of eight hours .................................................... 14 Table 3-9 Average emission limit value for dioxins and furans over a sampling period of a minimum 6 hours and maximum 8 hours ........................................................................... 14 Table 3-10 Emission limit value in the waste gases ............................................................................ 14 Table 3-11 NSW AMMAPP impact assessment criteria ...................................................................... 15 Table 3-12 European Commission Air Quality Standards ................................................................... 15 Table 3-13 Adopted assessment criteria ............................................................................................. 15 Table 4-1 Monthly and annual average air quality concentrations in Dubai for 2017 ........................ 19 Table 4-2 Adopted 24-hour background concentrations .................................................................... 20 Table 4-3 1-hour average air quality concentrations in Dubai for 2015 to 2017 (highest recorded readings) ............................................................................................................. 22 Table 4-4 Ambient air quality for PM10 and PM2.5 .............................................................................. 24 Table 4-5 Sensitive receptors ............................................................................................................ 28 Table 5-1 Emission source parameters as used in the AERMOD model .......................................... 34 Table 5-2 Source emission rates for modelling .................................................................................. 34 Table 5-3 Comparison of estimated emission rates of Cd for this Project and monitored emission rates of Cd for a number of existing WMCs ....................................................... 35 Table 5-4 Model configuration parameters ........................................................................................ 37 Table 5-5 Predicted 1-hour, 24-hour and annual NO2 concentrations ............................................... 40 Table 5-6 Predicted 1-hour, 24-hour and annual SO2 concentrations ............................................... 44 Table 5-7 Predicted 1-hour and 8-hour CO concentrations ............................................................... 47 Table 5-8 Predicted 24-hour and annual TSP concentrations – No dust control .............................. 51 Table 5-9 Predicted 24-hour and annual TSP concentrations – With dust control ............................ 52 Table 5-10 Predicted 24-hour and annual PM10 concentrations – No dust control ............................. 56 Table 5-11 Predicted 24-hour and annual PM10 concentrations – Dust control .................................. 57 Table 5-12 Predicted 24-hour and annual PM2.5 concentrations – No dust control ............................. 64 Table 5-13 Predicted 24-hour and annual PM2.5 concentrations – Dust control .................................. 65 GHD | Report for Hitachi Zosen Inova, Besix and Itochu - Dubai Waste Management Center, 613558306 | ii th Table 5-14 Predicted 99.9 percentile 1-hour HCl and 24-hour HF concentrations ............................ 70 Table 5-15 Predicted 1-hour TCDD and NH3 concentrations .............................................................. 71 Table 5-16 Predicted 1-hour and annual mercury and cadmium concentrations ................................ 73 GHD | Report for Hitachi Zosen Inova, Besix and Itochu - Dubai Waste Management