Defense Industrial Base Assessment: U.S. Imaging and Sensors Industry October 2006 U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security Office of Strategic Industries and Economic Security Defense Industrial Base Assessment: U.S. Imaging and Sensors Industry Prepared By U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security Office of Strategic Industries and Economic Security For further information about this report, contact Ron DeMarines, Senior Trade and Industry Analyst (202) 482-3755 [email protected]; or Brad Botwin, Supervisory Industrial Specialist (202) 482-4060 [email protected] Learn more about our organization at http://www.bis.doc.gov/ Table of Contents I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................I-1 II. Technology Overview ...................................................................................................... II-1 A. Imaging and Sensors Technologies ........................................................................II-1 A.1 Image and Sensor Devices...............................................................................II-2 B. Image Enhancement................................................................................................II-3 B.1 Generation 1.....................................................................................................II-4 B.2 Generation 2....................................................................................................II-5 B.3 Generation 3....................................................................................................II-5 C. Thermal Imaging.....................................................................................................II-6 C.1 Uncooled .........................................................................................................II-7 C.2 Cryogenically cooled ......................................................................................II-7 C.3 Generation 1....................................................................................................II-8 C.4 Generation 2....................................................................................................II-9 C.5 Generation 3....................................................................................................II-9 III. Financial Performance..................................................................................................III-1 A. Sales by Product for Manufacturers, Integrators, and Service Providers ... ......... III-2 B. Sales Per Employee............................................................................................... III-9 C. Capital Investment .............................................................................................. III-10 D. Industry Financials.............................................................................................. III-12 D.1 Image and Sensor Operations ..................................................................... III-12 D.2 Current Ratio............................................................................................... III-13 D.3 Quick Ratio ................................................................................................. III-13 D.4 Overall Operations...................................................................................... III-14 E. Earnings............................................................................................................... III-16 E.1 Retailers, Distributors, Resellers, and Brokers............................................ III-16 E.2 Defense and Non-Defense Earnings............................................................ III-17 E.3 U.S. and Foreign-Made Product Earnings .................................................. III-18 E.4 Product Categories ...................................................................................... III-19 IV. Domestic and Foreign Business Relationships, Content and Sourcing....................................................................................................IV-1 A. Domestic and Foreign Business Relationships..................................................... IV-1 A.1 Manufacturers, Integrators, and Service Provider Establishments ............... IV-1 A.2 Research Organizations and Laboratories .................................................... IV-2 A.3 Distributors, Resellers, Retailers, and Brokers ............................................. IV-4 B. International and Multinational Ownership and Alliances ................................... IV-4 C. Mergers and Acquisitions ..................................................................................... IV-6 D. Foreign Content .................................................................................................... IV-8 E. Domestic and Foreign Sourcing............................................................................ IV-9 V. Research & Development................................................................................................ V-1 A. R&D – Manufacturers and Laboratories................................................................ V-1 A.1 Manufacturer R&D Trends............................................................................ V-1 A.2 Manufacturer R&D Sources .......................................................................... V-2 B. R&D – Research Organizations and Laboratories................................................. V-3 B.1 Research Organization and Laboratory R&D Trends.................................... V-4 VI. Employment and Workforce........................................................................................VI-1 A. Employment by Occupation ................................................................................. VI-1 A.1 Manufacturers, System Integrators, and Service Providers.......................... VI-1 A.2 R&D Staff Degree Status.............................................................................. VI-2 B. Labor Concerns ..................................................................................................... VI-3 B.1 Shortage of Workers ..................................................................................... VI-3 B.2 Workforce Age.............................................................................................. VI-4 B.3 Labor Costs ................................................................................................... VI-5 C. Research Organizations and Laboratories.............................................................. VI-5 C.1 Employment (Federal vs. Private) (Defense vs. Non-Defense).................... VI-5 D. Occupation – All Research Organizations and Laboratories, U.S. Citizens.......... VI-7 D.1 All Labs......................................................................................................... VI-7 D.2 Government Labs.......................................................................................... VI-7 D.3 Private Industry Labs .................................................................................... VI-8 D.4 University Labs............................................................................................. VI-9 E. Occupation – All Research Organizations and Laboratories, Non-Citizens........ VI-10 E.1 Private Industry Labs................................................................................... VI-11 E.2 University Labs ........................................................................................... VI-12 F. Skilled Worker Age Range................................................................................... VI-13 F.1 Government, Private Industry, and University Laboratories....................... VI-13 G. Laboratory Staff Degree Status............................................................................ VI-14 H. Labor Concerns.................................................................................................... VI-15 VII. Imaging/Sensors Imports and Exports .................................................................... VII-1 A. Overview..............................................................................................................VII-1 B. Imports of Imaging and Sensors Products ...........................................................VII-2 B.1 Import Sources ............................................................................................VII-3 C. Exports of Imaging and Sensors Products ...........................................................VII-4 C.1 Export Destinations .....................................................................................VII-6 C.2 Exports Reported by Retailers, Distributors, Brokers and Resellers ...........VII-7 D. U.S. Share of the Global Export Market..............................................................VII-9 VIII. Export Controls.......................................................................................................VIII-1 A. Export Licensing................................................................................................ VIII-1 B. DOC Export Licensing History.......................................................................... VIII-2 C. ITAR Controls.................................................................................................... VIII-6 C.1 Comparison of Exports Controlled by the ITAR and the EAR ................. VIII-7 D. Denied