Winning Sports Nutrition Athlete Handouts The client handouts are presented in a copy-ready form and may be reproduced and distributed to the athletes in your training program. DSWFitness Tucson, Arizona Contents #1 Calorie Needs #27 What Sports Food Swap Serving Sizes #2 Protein Needs Look Like #3 Carbohydrate Needs #28 Sports Food Swap: Food Lists #4 Carbohydrate Intake: Guidelines for #29 Sports Food Swap: Guides for Calorie Exercise Needs #5 Carbohydrate Needs before and after #30 Sports Food Swap: Grocery Shopping List Exercise #31 Meal and Snack Plans Worksheet #6 Carbohydrate-Rich Meals and Snacks #32 Eating for High-Calorie Needs before and after Exercise #33 Food Label Facts #7 Trans Fatty Acids: Health Alert #34 High-Performance Snacks #8 Nutrients in Regular and Reduced- Fat #35 Nutrient Content of Selected Sports Bars Foods #36 Nutrient Content: Meal Replacement #9 Finding Hidden Fat Drinks and Sports Gels #10 Lowfat Eating Tips #37 Nutrition Plans You Can Use #11 Fluid First #38 Fluid Tips for Training and Competition #12 Hydration Check: Body Weight Log #39 Food Tips for Training and Competition #13 Nutrient Content of Sports Drinks #40 Meal and Snack Plans #14 Fluid Tips #41 Body Weights and Percent Body Fat: #15 Heat Illness Warning Signs and First Aid Elite Adult Female Athletes #16 Vitamins and Minerals: Recommended #42 Body Weights and Percent Body Fat: Intake Levels Elite Adult Male Athletes #17 Vitamins and Minerals: Functions and #43 How Much Should I Weigh? Food Sources #44 Fat-Free Body Mass Index: Elite Female #18 Dietary Supplements and Supplement Athletes Facts Labels #45 Fat-Free Body Mass Index: Elite Male #19 Iron in Food Athletes #20 Calcium and Calorie Content of Selected #46 Performance Body Composition Log Foods #47 Weight Gain Tips for Athletes #21 Calcium Supplement Guidelines #48 Evaluating Weight-Loss Programs/Diets #22 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant #49 Weight-Loss Tips for Athletes Nutrients #50 Ergogenic Aids #23 Glycemic Index: Glycemic Effects of Foods #51 Ergogenic Aids Rating System #24 Caffeine Content: Foods, Beverages, Medicines #52 Anabolic/Androgenic Steroids #25 MyPyramid Food Guide #53 Androstenedione #26 The Sports Food Swap #54 Branch-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) #55 Caffeine #56 Choline #57 Chromium Picolinate #58 Creatine #59 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) #60 Energy Drinks #61 Ginkgo Biloba #62 Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate #63 Glutamine #64 Glycerol #65 Growth Hormone #66 Herbs #67 Beta Hydroxy Beta Methylbutyrate (HMB) #68 Ephedra #69 Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Citrate, and Sodium Phosphate #70 Protein Supplements #71 Essential Amino Acids (EAA) #72 Ribose #73 Vegetarian Athlete: Sports Nutrition Guide #74 Eating Disorders in Athletes #75 Identifying and Managing Eating Disorders in Athletes #76 Nutrition for Injury Recovery #77 Nutrition and Exercise Tips for Athletes with Diabetes #78 Minimizing Your Risk for Infection #79 Minimizing Gastrointestinal Distress #80 Sports Nutrition Myths #81 Eating on the Road Handout #1 Calorie Needs The energy content of food is measured in calories. The number of calories, or energy, an athlete needs to maintain weight depends on age, body weight, gender, and total energy expenditure (TEE). TEE includes two major components: 1. Resting energy expenditure (REE): the amount of calories needed to maintain basic body systems and body temperature at rest. 2. Activity energy expenditure (AEE): the amount of calories used during activity. Maintenance or change in body weight is summarized in the formulas: • Weight maintenance Calorie intake = TEE • Weight gain Calorie intake > TEE • Weight loss Calorie intake < TEE Alert! For weight loss, total calorie intake should not be less than REE, unless a physician is supervising weight loss. Calculating total daily calorie needs The number of calories needed to maintain a certain body weight can be estimated by multiplying a person’s REE by an appropriate Activity Factor (AF). Choose one of the formulas in table 1 to calculate REE, and then use the information from table 2 to choose an appropriate AF. Formula 2 gives a slightly more accurate estimate of your calorie needs than formula 1. Table 1. Formulas for estimating calorie needs for resting energy expenditure (REE)† Formula 1: Males: REE calories = 11 x body weight in pounds Females: REE calories = 10 x body weight in pounds Formula 2: Males: REE Calories = 66.47 + 13.75 (weight, kg) + 5 (height, cm) – 6.76 (age, yr) Females: REE Calories = 655.1 + 9.65 (weight, kg) + 1.84 (height, cm) – 4.68 (age, yr) Key: kg = kilograms (pound/ 2.2), cm = centimeters (inches x 2.54), age = age (years), †Equations are for healthy people. Table 2. Activity factors (AF) for different levels of activity Activity factor Activity level Male Female Resting: Sleeping, reclining 1.0 1.0 Sedentary: Minimal movement, mainly sitting/lying 1.3 1.3 Activities include watching television and reading Light: Office work, sitting, day consists of sleeping 8 hrs with 16 hrs of walking or standing Activities include walking, laundry, golf, ping pong, 1.6 1.5 walking on level ground at 2.5-3 mph *Usually includes 1 hr of moderate activity Moderate: Light manual labor Activities include walking 3.5-4 mph, carrying a 1.7 1.6 load, cycling, tennis, dancing, weeding, and hoeing Very active: Full-time athletes, agricultural laborers, active military duty, hard laborers (mine and steel workers) 2.1 1.9 Activities include walking with a load uphill, team sports, climbing Extremely active: Lumberjacks, construction workers, coal miners, 2.4 2.2 some full-time athletes with daily strenuous training Total daily calorie needs _________ x _______ = ____________ Your REE Your AF Your TEE calories To maintain weight you need _______________calories per day Enter your TEE calories Calorie Needs Handout #2 Protein Needs Protein needs for athletes vary depending on their body weight and the frequency, intensity, duration, and type of activities. Adequate daily protein intake is essential for muscle and tissue repair, muscle growth, and regulation of metabolism. Most athletes eat enough protein, and some even eat more than they need, believing it will help increase their muscle mass. Protein intake in excess of daily need is either used for energy when carbohydrate and calorie intake is low or is stored as fat. A gram of protein contains 4 calories. Estimating protein needs Use the guidelines below to determine much protein you need daily. Protein needs Activity level grams/pound body weight Sedentary 0.36 Recreational endurance* 0.36 Recreational resistance (strength) training 0.36 Moderate intensity endurance** 0.54 Elite female endurance athletes 0.53–0.63 Elite male endurance athletes 0.72 Resistance- (strength-) training athletes (consistent training, mid-season, for maintenance of muscle 0.53–0.63 mass) Cross-training or intermittent, high-intensity training 0.63–0.77 athletes (basketball, soccer, hockey) Resistance- (strength-) training athletes (early 0.68–0.81 training and/or promotion of muscle mass growth) *4-5 times/week for 30 minutes at <55% VO2 max; **4-5 times/week for 40-60 minutes Adapted from: Tarnopolsky 1999, Lemon 2000. Estimate your protein needs Protein Recommended daily Activity level needs X Body weight = protein need (grams) (grams) (pound) Moderate intensity 0.54 X 150 =81 endurance athlete Fill in your activity level, the corresponding protein requirement for this activity level, and your own weight (in pounds) in the blank and calculate your protein needs. Your Protein Your Recommended daily activity level needs X body weight = protein need (grams) (grams) (pounds) X= Planning your daily protein intake Use the Sports Food Swap© as a guide for selecting foods from all six food groups-- grains or legumes, vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, meats and meat alternatives, and fats and sweets--to supply the recommended intake levels of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Here is an example of how a male endurance athlete who weighs 150 pounds can meet his protein needs of 81 grams per day using the Sports Food Swap©. Grams of Number of Grams Food group Serving size protein per servings of serving X per day = protein Grains 1 oz or ½ cup & 3 x 8 = 24 starchy vegetables ½ cup (cooked) Vegetables ½ cup (cooked), 2 x 3 = 6 1 cup raw Fruits 1 fruit or ½ cup 0 x 4 = 0 Milk products 1 cup 8 x 2 = 16 Meats and meat 1 oz 7 x 5 = 35 alternatives Protein Needs Fats and sweets Fats 1 tsp 0 x 3 = 0 Nuts and seeds 1 tbsp 1 x 1 = 1 Sugars 1 tbsp 0 x 2 = 0 Total = 82 Use the workspace to choose how many servings from each of the food groups you can eat to meet your daily protein requirements. Vegetarians or those on special diets may not include all the food groups. Grams of Number Grams protein of Food group Serving size X of per servings = protein serving per day Grains 1 oz or ½ cup and 3 x = starchy vegetables ½ up (cooked) Vegetables ½ cup (cooked), 2 x = 1 cup raw Fruits 1 fruit or ½ cup 0 x = Milk products 1 cup 8 x = Meats and meat 1 oz 7 x = alternatives Fats and sweets Fats 1 tsp 0 x = Nuts and seeds 1 tbsp 1 x = Sugars 1 tbsp 0 x = Total = Protein Needs Handout #3 Carbohydrate Needs Estimating carbohydrate needs Use these guidelines to see how much carbohydrate you need daily for different levels of training. Carbohydrate Exercise time (grams/pound body weight) 1 hour training per day 2.3–3.2 2 hours training per day 3.6 3 hours training per day 4.5 4 hours or more per day 5.4–5.9 Key: g = gram, BW = body weight Adapted from Coleman 2006 These examples show how much carbohydrate is needed by a 150-pound athlete exercising for 3 hours per day or 1 hour per day.