HOKKAIDO, JAPAN, Mw 6.7 EARTHQUAKE OF SEPTEMBER 6, 2018 LIFELINE PERFORMANCE By JOHN M EIDINGER and ALEX K TANG The Council of Lifeline Earthquake Engineering TCLEE No. 4 G&E Report R98.23.01 Revision 1, March 18 2019 Hokkaido Mw 6.7 Earthquake of Sept 6 2018 R98.23.01 Rev. 1. March 18 2019 TAble of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................... 1 PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 AUTHORS’ AFFILIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................... 6 REPORT COVER PHOTOS ...................................................................................................................... 13 ENDORSEMENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 13 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 14 1.1 LIMITATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 23 1.2 TCLEE ................................................................................................................................................ 23 1.3 ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 25 1.4 UNITS ................................................................................................................................................... 26 1.5 LICENSE, COPYRIGHT AND CREATE COMMONS DEED ......................................................................... 27 1.6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 27 2.0 SEISMIC HAZARDS ............................................................................................................................ 28 2.1 LOCATION OF THE EARTHQUAKE ......................................................................................................... 29 2.2 GROUND SHAKING ............................................................................................................................... 34 2.3 LANDSLIDES ........................................................................................................................................ 40 2.4 LIQUEFACTION ..................................................................................................................................... 50 2.5 SURFACE FAULTING ............................................................................................................................. 54 2.6 AFTERSHOCKS ..................................................................................................................................... 54 2.7 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 54 3.0 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM ........................................................................................................... 55 3.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................... 56 3.2 POWER OUTAGE AND RESTORATION ................................................................................................... 60 3.2.1 Power Outage and Restoration ................................................................................................... 60 3.2.2 Power Restoration on September 6 ............................................................................................. 66 3.2.3 Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 68 3.3 SUBSTATIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 70 3.4 TRANSMISSION LINES AND TOWERS .................................................................................................... 80 3.5 POWER PLANTS .................................................................................................................................... 96 3.6 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................... 101 3.7 POWER RESTORATION ....................................................................................................................... 109 3.8 TOMARI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ..................................................................................................... 110 3.9 REFERENCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... 110 4.0 GAS SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................... 112 4.1 OVERVIEW OF THE GAS SYSTEM ....................................................................................................... 112 4.2 GAS SHUTOFF SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................... 114 4.3 EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE ................................................................................................................... 116 4.4 KEROSENE, PROPANE HOUSEHOLD TANKS, LIQUID FUEL TANKS ..................................................... 117 4.5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 119 5.0 WATER SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................... 120 5.1 OVERVIEW OF THE SAPPORO WATERWORKS SYSTEM ....................................................................... 121 5.2 SAPPORO DAMS AND WATER TREATMENT PLANTS ........................................................................... 124 Page i Hokkaido Mw 6.7 Earthquake of Sept 6 2018 R98.23.01 Rev. 1. March 18 2019 5.3 SAPPORO PIPE INVENTORY, REPLACEMENT, DAMAGE AND FRAGILITY ............................................ 126 5.4 SAPPORO KIYOTA-KU PIPE DAMAGE DUE TO PGDS .......................................................................... 131 5.5 OTHER PIPE DAMAGE IN SAPPORO .................................................................................................... 141 5.6 RESTORATION OF WATER SERVICE .................................................................................................... 141 5.7 SAPPORO WATER SYSTEM EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE PLAN ............................................................... 142 5.8 ATSUMA WTP AND ATSUMA / BIRATORI PIPELINE DAMAGE ............................................................ 143 5.9 ATSUMA IRRIGATION PROJECT .......................................................................................................... 148 5.10 LANDSLIDES AT DAMS ..................................................................................................................... 151 5.11 PIPE REPLACEMENT FOR US AND CANADIAN WATER UTILITIES ..................................................... 156 5.12 REFERENCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... 160 6.0 TELECOMMUNICATIONS .............................................................................................................. 161 6.1 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM ................................................................................................................... 161 6.2 OVERVIEW OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................. 162 6.3 LANDLINE NETWORK DAMAGE ......................................................................................................... 163 6.4 WIRELESS SYSTEM DAMAGE ............................................................................................................ 168 6.5 MAJOR OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 172 6.6 REFERENCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... 173 7.0 TRANSPORTATION .......................................................................................................................... 174 7.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................................... 174 7.2 RAILWAY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................... 177 7.3 ROADS AND BRIDGES PERFORMANCE ................................................................................................ 180 7.3.1 Expressway