Feature branches and toggles in a post-GitHub world GOTO Chicago 2017 Sam Newman @gotochi @samnewman Sam Newman & Associates @gotochi @samnewman Sam Newman & Associates (there are no associates) @gotochi @samnewman Building Microservices DESIGNING FINE-GRAINED SYSTEMS Sam Newman @gotochi @samnewman 2004 @gotochi @samnewman @gotochi @samnewman @gotochi @samnewman to Preston Lancaster Carlisle Glasgow Liverpool Liverpool South Lime Street Parkway to Runcorn Macclesfield Acton Bridge Manchester Hartford Winsford to Alsager Chester Crewe Kidsgrove Bangor Holyhead Stoke-on-Trent Wedgwood to Uttoxeter Barlaston Derby Stone Norton Bridge Stafford step-free access to all platforms Access points may vary by platform. There may not be step-free access to or between all station areas. Access routes may in some cases be unsuitable for unassisted wheelchair users due to the gradient of ramps. Rugeley Trent Valley station limited London Midland service to to other operators may serve more frequently Wrexham Rugeley Town Burton-on-Trent Chester Derby Hednesford Nottingham Chesterfield served by other operators to Aberystwyth Wellington Telford Sheffield Central Cannock Leeds Oakengates Penkridge served by rail-replacement bus service Shrewsbury Landywood Shifnal Lichfield Trent Valley Bloxwich North Cosford Lichfield Bloxwich City to Albrighton Hereford Walsall Codsall Shenstone Bescot Stadium Bilbrook Blake Street Tame Bridge Parkway Hamstead Butlers Lane Tamworth Wolverhampton Four Oaks Polesworth Coseley Perry Barr Sutton Coldfield Witton Wylde Green to Tipton Leicester The Chester Road Atherstone Peterborough Dudley Port Hawthorns Erdington Cambridge Wilnecote Sandwell & Dudley Jewellery Gravelly Hill Stansted Airport Quarter Smethwick Galton Bridge Birmingham Aston Snow Hill Nuneaton Water Duddeston Coleshill Parkway to Smethwick Orton Langley Green Leicester Rolfe Street Rowley Regis Birmingham Birmingham Adderley Park Nottingham Five Ways Bermuda Park Derby Old Hill New Street Moor Street Stechford Lea Hall Sheffield Stourbridge University Bordesley Bedworth Cradley Heath Marston Green Town Selly Oak Lye Small Heath Birmingham International Coventry Bournville Tyseley Hampton-in-Arden Arena Stourbridge Hagley Kings Norton Berkswell Coventry Junction Acocks Green Long Buckby Blakedown Northfield Bedford Spring Road Olton Longbridge Tile Hill Canley Rugby Bedford St Johns Kidderminster Solihull Hall Green Kempston Hardwick Barnt Green Widney Manor Northampton Stewartby Yardley Wood Dorridge Millbrook to Lapworth Shirley Luton Hartlebury Alvechurch Lidlington Ridgmont St Albans Bromsgrove Whitlocks End Redditch Wolverton Aspley Guise London St Pancras Droitwich Spa Wythall Warwick Leamington Woburn Sands Parkway Worcester Earlswood Spa Milton Keynes Bow Brickhill Central Fenny Stratford Foregate Street The Lakes Hatton Warwick to Shrewsbury Worcester Wood End Bletchley Malvern Link Danzey Claverdon Leighton Buzzard Shrub Hill Henley-in-Arden Great Malvern to Bearley Cheddington Wootton Wawen Hereford Oxford Tring St Albans Abbey Reading Colwall Berkhamsted Park Street Ledbury Wilmcote to Hemel Hempstead How Wood Stratford-upon-Avon Parkway Banbury to Bricket Wood Oxford Apsley to Cheltenham Spa Stratford-upon-Avon Reading Newport Gloucester Kings Langley Garston High Wycombe Cardiff Bristol London Marylebone Watford North Swansea Swindon Watford Junction Bushey Harrow & Wealdstone Wembley Central London Euston @gotochi @samnewman to Preston Lancaster Carlisle Glasgow Liverpool Liverpool South Lime Street Parkway to Runcorn Macclesfield Acton Bridge Manchester Hartford Winsford to Alsager Chester Crewe Kidsgrove Bangor Holyhead Stoke-on-Trent Wedgwood to Uttoxeter Barlaston Derby Stone Norton Bridge Stafford step-free access to all platforms Access points may vary by platform. There may not be step-free access to or between all station areas. Access routes may in some cases be unsuitable for unassisted wheelchair users due to the gradient of ramps. Rugeley Trent Valley station limited London Midland service to to other operators may serve more frequently Wrexham Rugeley Town Burton-on-Trent Chester Derby Hednesford Nottingham Chesterfield served by other operators to Aberystwyth Wellington Telford Sheffield Central Cannock Leeds Oakengates Penkridge served by rail-replacement bus service Shrewsbury Landywood Shifnal Lichfield Trent Valley Bloxwich North Cosford Lichfield Bloxwich City to Albrighton Hereford Walsall Codsall Shenstone Bescot Stadium Bilbrook Blake Street Tame Bridge Parkway Hamstead Butlers Lane Tamworth Wolverhampton Four Oaks Polesworth Coseley Perry Barr Sutton Coldfield Witton Wylde Green to Tipton Leicester The Chester Road Atherstone Peterborough Dudley Port Hawthorns Erdington Cambridge Wilnecote Sandwell & Dudley Jewellery Gravelly Hill Stansted Airport Quarter Smethwick Galton Bridge Birmingham Aston Snow Hill Nuneaton Water Duddeston Coleshill Parkway to Smethwick Orton Langley Green Leicester Rolfe Street Rowley Regis Birmingham Birmingham Adderley Park Nottingham Five Ways Bermuda Park Derby Old Hill New Street Moor Street Stechford Lea Hall Sheffield Stourbridge University Bordesley Bedworth Cradley Heath Marston Green Town Selly Oak Lye Small Heath Birmingham International Coventry Bournville Tyseley Hampton-in-Arden Arena Stourbridge Hagley Kings Norton Berkswell Coventry Junction Acocks Green Long Buckby Blakedown Northfield Bedford Spring Road Olton Longbridge Tile Hill Canley Rugby Bedford St Johns Kidderminster Solihull Hall Green Kempston Hardwick Barnt Green Widney Manor Northampton Stewartby Yardley Wood Dorridge Millbrook to Lapworth Shirley Luton Hartlebury Alvechurch Lidlington Ridgmont St Albans Bromsgrove Whitlocks End Redditch Wolverton Aspley Guise London St Pancras Droitwich Spa Wythall Warwick Leamington Woburn Sands Parkway Worcester Earlswood Spa Milton Keynes Bow Brickhill Central Fenny Stratford Foregate Street The Lakes Hatton Warwick to Shrewsbury Worcester Wood End Bletchley Malvern Link Danzey Claverdon Leighton Buzzard Shrub Hill Henley-in-Arden Great Malvern to Bearley Cheddington Wootton Wawen Hereford Oxford Tring St Albans Abbey Reading Colwall Berkhamsted Park Street Ledbury Wilmcote to Hemel Hempstead How Wood Stratford-upon-Avon Parkway Banbury to Bricket Wood Oxford Apsley to Cheltenham Spa Stratford-upon-Avon Reading Newport Gloucester Kings Langley Garston High Wycombe Cardiff Bristol London Marylebone Watford North Swansea Swindon Watford Junction Bushey Harrow & Wealdstone Wembley Central London Euston @gotochi @samnewman to Preston Lancaster Carlisle Glasgow Liverpool Liverpool South Lime Street Parkway to Runcorn Macclesfield Acton Bridge Manchester Hartford Winsford to Alsager Chester Crewe Kidsgrove Bangor Holyhead Stoke-on-Trent Wedgwood to Uttoxeter Barlaston Derby Stone Norton Bridge Stafford step-free access to all platforms Access points may vary by platform. There may not be step-free access to or between all station areas. Access routes may in some cases be unsuitable for unassisted wheelchair users due to the gradient of ramps. Rugeley Trent Valley station limited London Midland service to to other operators may serve more frequently Wrexham Rugeley Town Burton-on-Trent Chester Derby Hednesford Nottingham Chesterfield served by other operators to Aberystwyth Wellington Telford Sheffield Central Cannock Leeds Oakengates Penkridge served by rail-replacement bus service Shrewsbury Landywood Shifnal Lichfield Trent Valley Bloxwich North Cosford Lichfield Bloxwich City to Albrighton Hereford Walsall Codsall Shenstone Bescot Stadium Bilbrook Blake Street Tame Bridge Parkway Hamstead Butlers Lane Tamworth Wolverhampton Four Oaks Polesworth Coseley Perry Barr Sutton Coldfield Witton Wylde Green to Tipton Leicester The Chester Road Atherstone Peterborough Dudley Port Hawthorns Erdington Cambridge Wilnecote Sandwell & Dudley Jewellery Gravelly Hill Stansted Airport Quarter Smethwick Galton Bridge Birmingham Aston Snow Hill Nuneaton Water Duddeston Coleshill Parkway to Smethwick Orton Langley Green Leicester Rolfe Street Rowley Regis Birmingham Birmingham Adderley Park Nottingham Five Ways Bermuda Park Derby Old Hill New Street Moor Street Stechford Lea Hall Sheffield Stourbridge University Bordesley Bedworth Cradley Heath Marston Green Town Selly Oak Lye Small Heath Birmingham International Coventry Bournville Tyseley Hampton-in-Arden Arena Stourbridge Hagley Kings Norton Berkswell Coventry Junction Acocks Green Long Buckby Blakedown Northfield Bedford Spring Road Olton Longbridge Tile Hill Canley Rugby Bedford St Johns Kidderminster Solihull Hall Green Kempston Hardwick Barnt Green Widney Manor Northampton Stewartby Yardley Wood Dorridge Millbrook to Lapworth Shirley Luton Hartlebury Alvechurch Lidlington Ridgmont St Albans Bromsgrove Whitlocks End Redditch Wolverton Aspley Guise London St Pancras Droitwich Spa Wythall Warwick Leamington Woburn Sands Parkway Worcester Earlswood Spa Milton Keynes Bow Brickhill Central Fenny Stratford Foregate Street The Lakes Hatton Warwick to Shrewsbury Worcester Wood End Bletchley Malvern Link Danzey Claverdon Leighton Buzzard Shrub Hill Henley-in-Arden Great Malvern to Bearley Cheddington Wootton Wawen Hereford Oxford Tring St Albans Abbey Reading Colwall Berkhamsted Park Street Ledbury Wilmcote to Hemel Hempstead How Wood Stratford-upon-Avon Parkway Banbury to Bricket Wood Oxford Apsley to Cheltenham Spa Stratford-upon-Avon Reading Newport Gloucester Kings Langley Garston High Wycombe Cardiff Bristol London Marylebone Watford North Swansea Swindon