Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium Ethical and Legal Issues in Contemporary Conflict Symposium Proceedings Frontier Conference Center Fort Leavenworth, Kansas November 16-18, 2009 Edited by Mark H. Wiggins and Ted Ihrke Co-sponsored by the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College and the Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc. Special thanks to our key corporate sponsor Other supporting sponsors include: Published by the CGSC Foundation Press 100 Stimson Ave., Suite 1149 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 Copyright © 2010 by CGSC Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. www.cgscfoundation.org Papers included in this symposium proceedings book were originally submitted by military officers and other subject matter experts to the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The CGSC Foundation/CGSC Foundation Press makes no claim to the authors’ copyrights for their individual work. ISBN 978-0-615-36738-5 Layout and design by Mark H. Wiggins MHW Public Relations and Communications Printed in the United States of America by Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas iv Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... ix Foreword by Brig. Gen. Ed Cardon, Deputy Commandant, CGSC & Col. (Ret.) Bob Ulin, CEO, CGSC Foundation ......................................................................... xi Symposium Participants ............................................................................................................. xii Agenda ........................................................................................................................................ xiv Introduction and Opening Ethical and Legal Issues in Contemporary Conflict An Introduction by Lt. Gen. (Ret.) John Miller, CGSC Foundation ...............................................1 Opening Remarks– Brig. Gen. Ed Cardon (transcript) ..................................................................5 Part 1: Ethical Issues at the Tactical Level of War Tactical Presentation– Lt. Col. Joe McLamb ................................................................................9 Tactical-Level Papers Presented Competency vs. character? – It must be both!! Lt. Col. Joe Doty, PhD and Maj. Walt Sowden .........................................................................27 Death on the Mountainside: An Examination of the Use of Self-Defense Against Unarmed Non-Combatants During Operation Redwing Lt. Cmdr. Thomas K. Leak .......................................................................................................37 The Ethics of Disobedience Maj. Leung Shing Tai ................................................................................................................49 Tactical-Level Q&A (transcript) .................................................................................................57 Part 2: Ethical Issues at the Operational Level of War Operational-Level Presentation- Remarks (as prepared) by Col. (Ret.) Stuart Herrington ...............................................................79 Operational-level Papers Presented At what cost, intelligence? A Case Study of the Consequences of Ethical (and Unethical) Leadership By Maj. Douglas A. Pryer .........................................................................................................91 The Moral Implications of For-Profit Security Organizations Cmdr. Joseph J. McInerney .....................................................................................................113 Human Dignity and the Soldier in FM 3-24: Counterinsurgency Lt. Col. Celestino Perez, Jr., Ph.D...........................................................................................125 Operational-Level Q&A (transcript) .......................................................................................137 –Continued v –Contents Continued Part 3: Ethical Issues at the Strategic Level of War Strategic Presentation- Gen. (Ret.) John M. Keane (transcript) ...............................................153 Strategic Q&A– with Gen. Keane (transcript) ...........................................................................165 Strategic-level Papers Presented Ethical Issues in Counterterrorism “War” Dr. Martin L. Cook ..................................................................................................................175 Building Moral Resources in Leaders for an Era of Persistent Conflict and Beyond Col. Sean T. Hannah, PhD and Lt. Col. Joseph Doty, PhD .....................................................183 How do we Distinguish Rules for War Fighting from Rules for Law Enforcement?: Why Demilitarizing the Law of War threatens National Security and Constitutional Rights Michael H. Hoffman ...............................................................................................................195 Strategic-Level Q&A (transcript) .............................................................................................203 Part 4: Keynote Speaker and Conclusion Keynote Speaker– Mr. Hyrum W. Smith, President, CGSC Foundation, Inc. (transcript) ........209 Where do we go from here? Conclusion by Lt. Gen. (Ret.) John Miller, CGSC Foundation ...................................................219 Part 5: Other Papers Submitted Character-Based Leadership in Dualist, Extreme Situations: Where the Twain Shall Meet Thomas A. Wright and James Campbell Quick ...........................................................................223 Developing Ethical Reasoning in Army’s Tactical Leaders: A Virtual Learning Initiative Kevin M. Bond, Ph.D., John Williamson, and Maj. Walter J. Sowden .......................................235 Ethics and the Human Terrain: The Ethics of Military Anthropology George R. Lucas, Jr. .....................................................................................................................245 Integrity and the Inconsistent Strategy--Responding to al-Qaeda Peter D. Menk ..............................................................................................................................273 Military Professional Ethics: The Bad News Thomas B. Grassey ......................................................................................................................283 Psychology and Ethical Conduct: A Primer for Military Leaders George R. Mastroianni .................................................................................................................291 Religion as a Weapon of War: Understanding Individual and Collective Aspects of Religion and their Implications for the Concept and Practice of Design Lt. Col. Prisco Hernandez ............................................................................................................305 Strengthening the Warrior Spirit: Linking the Development of the Warrior Spirit to Soldier Resilience Michael E. Haith ..........................................................................................................................331 Acknowledgements The Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium 2009 was co-sponsored by the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College and the CGSC Foundation, Inc. Command and General Staff College Department of Command and Leadership Dr. Ted Thomas, Department Director, Mr. Ted Ihrke and Dr. Scott Borderud, from the CGSC Department of Command and Leadership (DCL) were instrumental in planning, organizing and executing this symposium. As the CGSC staff lead, DCL was responsible for coordinating college support, the symposium agenda, identification of attendees and intellectual contributions from across the military services and academia. The DCL ensured engagement and support from the College’s leadership, as well as led coordination for elective credit for CGSC student attendees. Their efforts were indispensible and made this symposium a great success. Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc. Bob Ulin, Foundation CEO, was the lead for sponsor identification and coordination and symposium organization and structure. Under Bob’s leadership the foundation provided funding and support for symposium execution and follow-up, to include prize awards for CGSC students and faculty whose papers placed first, second or third in the competition portion of the “call for papers.” Mark H. Wiggins, Foundation Director of Communications was responsible for creation and maintenance of the symposium website; and designing and producing all the printed products for the symposium, such as the symposium agenda booklet, signage, press kits and follow-up documents (proceedings). He was also responsible for conducting media relations in coordination with CGSC Public Affairs. Ann Soby, Foundation Business Manager, was responsible for symposium site logistics and coordination as well as handling civilian attendee protocol and other general support. Her organizational skills were key in keeping this event on track. Command and General Staff College—General Support Rita Durocher, Visitor Coordination Officer, was the primary representative on the CGSC staff who coordinated and mobilized other staff elements within the college for required support at the Lewis and Clark Center and the Frontier Conference Center. Lt. Col. Stacy Bathridge, Public Affairs and Strategic Communications developed the media engagement plan with local and national media representatives and helped arrange for their attendance. Lt Col Bathrick also worked with selected students