ARCHAEOLOGICAL & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS Greater Macarthur Investigation Area Archaeological Research Design and Management Strategy Final Department of Planning and Environment February 2017 Greater Macarthur Investigation Area Regional Archaeological Research Design and Management Strategy i ARCHAEOLOGICAL & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS Document Control Page Anita Yousif, Laressa Berehowyj and Fenella AUTHOR/HERITAGE ADVISOR Atkinson CLIENT Department of Planning and Environment Greater Macarthur Investigation Area: PROJECT NAME Archaeological Research Design and Management Strategy REAL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION Various EXTENT PTY LTD INTERNAL REVIEW/SIGN OFF WRITTEN BY DATE VERSION REVIEWED APPROVED Anita Yousif, Laressa Berehowyj and Fenella 31/09/2016 1 Draft Susan McIntyre- Atkinson Tamwoy Susan McIntyre- Anita Yousif, Laressa Tamwoy, Berehowyj and Fenella 10/10/2016 Final Alan Williams Updated Aboriginal Atkinson Draft heritage maps to be substituted once data has been received. Anita Yousif, Laressa Susan McIntyre- Susan McIntyre- Berehowyj and Fenella 3/02/2017 Final Tamwoy Tamwoy Atkinson Copyright and Moral Rights Historical sources and reference materials used in the preparation of this report are acknowledged and referenced in figure captions or in text citations. Reasonable effort has been made to identify, contact, acknowledge and obtain permission to use material from the relevant copyright owners. Unless otherwise specified in the contract terms for this project EXTENT HERITAGE PTY LTD: Vests copyright of all material produced by EXTENT HERITAGE PTY LTD (but excluding pre-existing material and material in which copyright is held by a third party) in the client for this project (and the client’s successors in title); Retains the use of all material produced by EXTENT HERITAGE PTY LTD for this project for EXTENT HERITAGE PTY LTD ongoing business and for professional presentations, academic papers or publications. Greater Macarthur Investigation Area Regional Archaeological Research Design and Management Strategy ii ARCHAEOLOGICAL & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS Executive Summary This Regional Archaeological Research Design and Management Strategy (RARDMS) has been developed to address recommendations in the Greater Macarthur Investigation Area Aboriginal and Historic Heritage Gap Analysis (AHMS, 2017), which includes the need for regional scale cultural heritage planning of the Greater Macarthur Investigation Area (GMIA). Key elements of the RARDMS are the: development of research questions for the GMIA set within the Australian and NSW heritage thematic framework. identification of predictive models of high, medium and low potential for archaeological sites identified for the entire GMIA, which will provide a basis for managing future archaeological assessments. identification of areas of high conservation value that should be considered for permanent conservation in relation to both Aboriginal and historic heritage. proposals for the streamlining and improvement of certain aspects of Aboriginal heritage assessments including: o ensuring adequacy and consistency of due diligence assessments. o the establishment of an Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Advisory Committee shared across both the Wollondilly and Campbelltown Councils. o use of the provisions in section 90R of the National Parks and Wildlife Act, NSW 1974 (as amended) to ensure that Aboriginal Heritage Impact Permits (AHIPs) relating to specific parcels of land are appropriately transferred to new owners as necessary. o establishment of a Registered Aboriginal Party List for the GMIA (Appendix A). o recommendations to keep consultation live to increase efficiency (reducing time spent) in the conduct and preparation of required Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessment Reports (ACHARs). o adoption of a modified Aboriginal heritage excavation methodology as a standard in the study area where the Code of Practice for Archaeological Investigation of Aboriginal Objects in New South Wales (DECCW 2010) would normally apply. Greater Macarthur Investigation Area Regional Archaeological Research Design and Management Strategy iii ARCHAEOLOGICAL & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project Background ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Study Area Identification ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Statutory Context .................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Project Objectives and Scope ................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Approach and Methodology .................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Limitations ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.7 Authorship and Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ 4 2 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW .................................................................................. 7 2.1 Aboriginal History .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Historical Period .................................................................................................................... 14 3 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCE ............................. 16 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 16 3.2 The Aboriginal Archaeological and Cultural Resource ......................................................... 16 3.3 The Historical Archaeological Resource ............................................................................... 29 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH DESIGN .................................................... 41 4.1 Aboriginal Archaeology ......................................................................................................... 41 4.2 Historical Archaeology .......................................................................................................... 51 5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ........................................ 54 5.1 General Processes ................................................................................................................ 54 5.2 Aboriginal Archaeology ......................................................................................................... 55 5.3 Historical Archaeology .......................................................................................................... 71 6 REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 78 7 GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................... 80 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Early colonial ethnographic records. ................................................................................. 12 Table 2. Aboriginal sites summarised by site feature, see also Figure 9. ....................................... 18 Table 3. Summary description of known sites and potential site types. ......................................... 19 Table 4. Zones of historical archaeological potential in the study area. ......................................... 30 Table 5. Aboriginal archaeological research themes & Questions ................................................. 42 Table 6. Management and methodological questions to be considered in Aboriginal cultural values assessments ..................................................................................................................... 45 Table 7. Historical archaeological research themes. ...................................................................... 52 Table 8. Preliminary Aboriginal archaeology areas of high conservation value. ............................ 57 Table 9. A summary of criteria and rankings used to determine a site’s significance. ................... 69 Greater Macarthur Investigation Area Regional Archaeological Research Design and Management Strategy iv ARCHAEOLOGICAL & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Regional map showing the location of the Greater Macarthur Investigation Area. ............. 6 Figure 2 Early ethnographic encounters between Europeans and Aboriginal people noted in the historic record. .................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 3. AHIMS sites within the GMIA (source: AHIMS search October 2016). ............................ 27 Figure 4. Aboriginal archaeological predictive model for the GMIA incorporating updated AHIMS data (October 2016) ......................................................................................................... 28 Figure 5. Historical archaeological sensitivity of the overall GMIA................................................... 35 Figure 6. Historical archaeological sensitivity of the Menangle Park / Mount Gilead Priority Area. 36 Figure 7. Historical archaeological sensitivity of the Menangle Heritage Conservation Area within the Menangle Park / Mount